Abstract
To understand the effects of animal grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland vegetation in northern China, a field grazing and protected enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 through 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that (1) the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland and that changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing; (2) light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland, and heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity; (3) heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity, and moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity; the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity; (4) heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae, and moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae; (5) the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity, and the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity; (6) increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae, and decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing was primarily responsible for changes in vegetation richness and diversity in the grazed grassland.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing climate was the main reason for changes in species richness and diversity in grassland protected from grazing.
- Taxon
- sandy grasslandt0
- Treatment
- changing climatee0
- Outcome
- species richness and diversitye0
- Setting
- grassland protected from grazinge0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing”
Claim · model-written summary
Light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of richness and diversity in the degraded grassland.
- Taxon
- sandy grasslandt0
- Treatment
- light and moderate grazinge0
- Outcome
- richness and the diversitye0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy grazing could decrease richness and diversity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy grazing significantly decreased perennial diversity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate and light grazing promoted an increase of perennial diversity.
- Taxon
- sandy grasslandt0
- Treatment
- moderate and light grazinge0
- Outcome
- perennial diversitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing of any intensity was beneficial to increased annual diversity.
- Taxon
- sandy grasslandt0
- Treatment
- heavy or moderate and light grazinge0
- Outcome
- annual diversitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy grazing was not beneficial to the diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae.
- Taxon
- sandy grasslandt0
- Treatment
- heavy grazinge0
- Outcome
- diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceaee0
- Direction
- not beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate and light grazing was favorable to the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae.
- Taxon
- sandy grasslandt0
- Treatment
- moderate and light grazinge0
- Outcome
- diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceaee0
- Direction
- favorablee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm-humid climate was favorable to increased richness and diversity.
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm-drought climate could decrease richness and diversity.
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and to the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae and Compositae.
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased precipitation had few effects on annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.
Verbatim
t0“sandy grassland”
e0“decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity”