Abstract
The paper describes a new strain of tobacco mosaic virus which has been named S-strain of TMV because of its characteristic stripe symptoms. The Al-strain of tobacco mosaic virus was used as the initial material. In contrast to methods used hitherto the S-strain was obtained by interfering with the metabolism of the host plant by a change in the environment. (SvobodovÁ 1954, 1958). The usual hosts of tobacco mosaic virus were used, chiefly tobacco and tomato plants. These plants were cultivated under aseptic conditions on an agar medium in Erlenmeyer flasks with a reduced amount of nutrients, a shortened period of illumination and a limited air supply, so that they were stunted. Following the passage of the initial Al-strain of TMV through these dwarfed plants changes in symptoms appeared, which became apparent only after further passages through plants grown under normal conditions in a glass house in garden soil, where the virus once again had normal conditions for reproduction. Of the new symptoms obtained, only the most striking were further studied (the symptoms of S-strain). By means of alternating of the passage of the Al-strain of TMV from normal—to dwarfed—to normal plants grown under artificial nutrient conditions, i. e. a twice or thrice repeated sudden change of environment, the new strain (S-strain) was obtained five times in all and at different times of the year. From the symptomatic point of view no differences were found in the different repetitions of this change. The results were also the same for material from tomato plants and from tobacco of the Samsun variety. The origin of the new strain was not caused only by the stuntedness of the host plants. It was also necessary to influence its metabolism by an abnormal environment (particularly insufficient air) in the Erlenmeyer flask before and after inoculation. Following the reverse passage of the S-strain from plants grown normally in a glass house to dwarfed plants in an artificial environment no further changes occurred. Neither did the passage to ten other hosts grown normally on garden soil and in artificial nutrient produce any further change in symptoms. The S-strain has been maintained by a succession of continuous passages throughNicotiana tabacum Samsun for six years, and each year mass inoculation of a large number of plants is carried out. We therefore now consider the change to be permanent. Indirect influencing of the virus through a change in the metabolism of the host plant sufficed for the induction of the new strain. Its symptoms appeared only after passage through normal unaffected plants, where the virus reproduction was not inhibited by the retarded growth of the host plant. There is a certain similarity in the emergence of the S-strain and the TM44-stram, obtained byPfanchuch et al., with X-ray irradiation. However, the initial material was the ordinary green strain of TMV. The biological, chemical and other characteristics ascertained for S-strain and a comparison of these with the characteristics of the initial Al-strain and the ordinary green strain of TMV will be published later.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A new tobacco mosaic virus S-strain had characteristic stripe symptoms.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Interactor
- tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- characteristic stripe symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The paper describes a new strain of tobacco mosaic virus which has been named S-strain of TMV because of its characteristic stripe symptoms.”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing host plant environment and metabolism yielded the S-strain.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- a change in the environmente0
- Interactor
- S-straine0pathogen
- Outcome
- S-strain was obtainede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the S-strain was obtained by interfering with the metabolism of the host plant by a change in the environment.”
t0“Tobacco Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The changed passage produced the S-strain five times at different times of year.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Interactor
- S-straine0pathogen
- Outcome
- new strain (S-strain)e0
- Value
- five timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the new strain (S-strain) was obtained five times in all and at different times of the year.”
t0“Tobacco Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The repeated passages showed no symptomatic differences.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- no differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the symptomatic point of view no differences were found in the different repetitions of this change.”
t0“Tobacco Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato and Samsun tobacco material produced the same result.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Samsun varietye0
- Outcome
- results were also the samee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results were also the same for material from tomato plants and from tobacco of the Samsun variety.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insufficient air in the flask was necessary for induction.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- influence its metabolisme0
- Qualifier
- particularly insufficient aire0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was also necessary to influence its metabolism by an abnormal environment (particularly insufficient air) in the Erlenmeyer flask before and after inoculation.”
t0“Tobacco Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Reverse passage caused no further changes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- reverse passagee0
- Interactor
- S-straine0pathogen
- Outcome
- further changese0
- Direction
- no further changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following the reverse passage of the S-strain from plants grown normally in a glass house to dwarfed plants in an artificial environment no further changes occurred.”
t0“Tobacco Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Passage to ten other hosts produced no further symptom changes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Neither did the passage to ten other hosts grown normally on garden soil and in artificial nutrient produce any further change in symptoms.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors regard the induced S-strain change as permanent after six years of passage.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- change to be permanente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We therefore now consider the change to be permanent.”
t0“Tobacco Mosaic Virus”