Abstract
Mycorrhizal colonization of grafted grapevines was studied during early establishment of an experimental rootstock vineyard to determine rootstock variability forming functional mycorrhizas. Roots of 10 different rootstocks were examined for the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi at the end of the second growing season (1998), and at the time of veraison (onset of ripening) of the third (1999) and fourth (2000) growing seasons. The fine root length density (primary roots with intact cortex) increased in 6 of 10 rootstocks over time. Only one rootstock, Riparia Gloire, showed a marked decrease in fine root length density in 2000, when vines carried their first significant fruit crop. AM colonization was generally above 60% of fine root length for all rootstocks, although significant differences due to rootstock and time of sampling were evident. Rootstocks imparting greater vigor to the scion, particularly Ruggeri 140, Kober 5BB, and SO-4, had consistently higher levels of root colonization by AM fungi. The proportion of roots containing arbuscules at veraison declined from 1999 to 2000 in those rootstocks carrying the highest crop loads. While AM colonization of different rootstocks was positively correlated to yield, the proportion of roots with arbuscules was negatively correlated to yield in 2000. Results of this study show that small differences in the ability to form mycorrhizas exist among rootstocks, but other factors, including crop load and soil moisture, have a large influence on root colonization by AM fungi.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fine root length density increased in six of ten rootstocks over time.
- Organ / stage
- primary roots with intact cortexe0
- Outcome
- fine root length densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6 of 10 rootstockse0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“The fine root length density (primary roots with intact cortex) increased in 6 of 10 rootstocks over time.”
Claim · model-written summary
Riparia Gloire had a marked decrease in fine root length density in 2000, when vines bore their first significant crop.
- Material
- Riparia Gloiree0
- Outcome
- fine root length densitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- in 2000, when vines carried their first significant fruit crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“Only one rootstock, Riparia Gloire, showed a marked decrease in fine root length density in 2000, when vines carried their first significant fruit crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM colonization generally exceeded 60% of fine root length for all rootstocks.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“AM colonization was generally above 60% of fine root length for all rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
AM colonization differed significantly by rootstock and sampling time.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“significant differences due to rootstock and time of sampling were evident”
e1“AM colonization was generally above 60% of fine root length for all rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Ruggeri 140, Kober 5BB and SO-4 rootstocks had consistently higher AM root colonization.
- Material
- Ruggeri 140, Kober 5BB, and SO-4e0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonization by AM fungie0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“Rootstocks imparting greater vigor to the scion, particularly Ruggeri 140, Kober 5BB, and SO-4, had consistently higher levels of root colonization by AM fungi.”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of roots with arbuscules declined from 1999 to 2000 in rootstocks with the highest crop loads.
- Organ / stage
- at veraisone0
- Outcome
- proportion of roots containing arbusculese0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- rootstocks carrying the highest crop loadse0
- Comparator
- 1999e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“The proportion of roots containing arbuscules at veraison declined from 1999 to 2000 in those rootstocks carrying the highest crop loads.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM colonization of different rootstocks was positively correlated with yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“AM colonization of different rootstocks was positively correlated to yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of roots with arbuscules was negatively correlated with yield in 2000.
- Outcome
- proportion of roots with arbusculese0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- in 2000e0
- Comparator
- yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“the proportion of roots with arbuscules was negatively correlated to yield in 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstocks differed slightly in their ability to form mycorrhizas.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“small differences in the ability to form mycorrhizas exist among rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop load and soil moisture had a large influence on AM root colonization.
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonization by AM fungie0
- Qualifier
- crop load and soil moisturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grapevine”
e0“other factors, including crop load and soil moisture, have a large influence on root colonization by AM fungi”