Abstract
Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis viticola . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Parthenocissus subquinquefolia (= Ampelopsis quinquefolia, = Vitis hederacea )and Vitis spp. DISEASE: Dead arm or sometimes referred to as 'excoriosis' or necrosis of grapevine. Serious outbreaks and losses have been reported in several countries (35, 508; 45, 1282; 47, 2226; 48, 549; 50, 2402; 54, 208; 54, 5021; 55, 1390, 4803; 57, 2742). The fungus invades nearly all stem tissues, particularly the medullary rays and parenchyma, causing necrotic areas extending to the centre of the wood leading to the girdling of shoots and finally resulting in dead arm condition (7, 360; 39, 369). Major symptoms are death of vines or some of the arms, progressive desiccation of stocks and shoots, stunting of leaf bearing branches, deformation and chlorosis of primary leaves, black spots on stalks and pedicels, flower abortion, drying of buds, death of spurs, stem and arm lesions or cankers or cortical necrosis and sparsity of berries (7, 360; 39, 369; 43, 3375; 48, 549, 879; 51, 547; 54, 5021). In Ontario, Canada, primary infection occurs on young green shoots and the incidence and severity depends on the inoculum potential resulting from the previous years' infection and the amount of rain in the second half of May. Primary lesions on young shoots are superficial but coalescent ones are deep seated and often become perennial (45, 332). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, South Africa); Asia (Brunei, India, Japan, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Netherlands, Rumania, Sardinia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia); North America (Canada, USA). TRANSMISSION: By conidia liberated from pycnidia found on spurs and clusters left on dormant vines under wet conditions, when they are dispersed by rain-splash (39, 369). Also spread by nematodes and insect larvae (54, 651) and by mycelium through pruning wounds inflicted by contaminated knives (26, 95). The fungus overwinters in infected parts of the grapevine (56, 1680) as mycelium, particularly in the basal buds, (53, 636) and can carry over from the first few internodes of the same vine (5, 471).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Reported hosts include Parthenocissus subquinquefolia.
- Taxon
- Parthenocissus subquinquefoliae0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- HOSTSe0
Verbatim
e0“HOSTS: Parthenocissus subquinquefolia (= Ampelopsis quinquefolia, = Vitis hederacea )and Vitis spp.”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Reported hosts include Vitis species, with grapevine dead arm, excoriosis or necrosis.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Dead arme0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis spp. DISEASE: Dead arm or sometimes referred to as 'excoriosis' or necrosis of grapevine.”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Serious outbreaks and losses have been reported in several countries.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Serious outbreaks and lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Serious outbreaks and losses have been reported in several countries”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal invasion of stem tissues causes necrosis extending into wood, girdling shoots and producing dead arm.
- Organ / stage
- stem tissuese0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- dead arm conditione0
- Qualifier
- causing necrotic areas extending to the centre of the wood leading to the girdling of shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus invades nearly all stem tissues, particularly the medullary rays and parenchyma, causing necrotic areas extending to the centre of the wood leading to the girdling of shoots and finally resulting in dead arm condition”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Major symptoms include vine or arm death, progressive stock and shoot desiccation and stunted leaf-bearing branches.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- death of vines or some of the arms, progressive desiccation of stocks and shoots, stunting of leaf bearing branchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Major symptoms are death of vines or some of the arms, progressive desiccation of stocks and shoots, stunting of leaf bearing branches”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms include primary leaf deformation and chlorosis, black stalk and pedicel spots and flower abortion.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- deformation and chlorosis of primary leaves, black spots on stalks and pedicels, flower abortione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deformation and chlorosis of primary leaves, black spots on stalks and pedicels, flower abortion”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms include bud drying, spur death and stem or arm lesions, cankers or cortical necrosis.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- drying of buds, death of spurs, stem and arm lesions or cankers or cortical necrosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drying of buds, death of spurs, stem and arm lesions or cankers or cortical necrosis”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry sparsity is a major symptom.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- sparsity of berriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and sparsity of berries”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
In Ontario, primary infection occurs on young green shoots.
- Organ / stage
- young green shootse0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- primary infectione0
- Setting
- Ontario, Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Ontario, Canada, primary infection occurs on young green shoots”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Ontario infection incidence and severity depend on prior-year inoculum potential and rain in the second half of May.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence and severitye0
- Qualifier
- inoculum potential resulting from the previous years' infection and the amount of rain in the second half of Maye0
- Setting
- Ontario, Canadae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Ontario, Canada, primary infection occurs on young green shoots and the incidence and severity depends on the inoculum potential resulting from the previous years' infection and the amount of rain in the second half of May.”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Primary young-shoot lesions are superficial, whereas coalescent lesions are deep and often perennial.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Primary lesions on young shoots are superficiale0
- Qualifier
- coalescent ones are deep seated and often become perenniale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primary lesions on young shoots are superficial but coalescent ones are deep seated and often become perennial”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen is distributed across listed countries in Africa, Asia, Australasia and Oceania, Europe and North America.
- Taxon
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0
- Outcome
- GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONe0
- Setting
- Africa (Kenya, South Africa); Asia (Brunei, India, Japan, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Netherlands, Rumania, Sardinia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia); North America (Canada, USA)e0
Verbatim
e0“GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, South Africa); Asia (Brunei, India, Japan, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Netherlands, Rumania, Sardinia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia); North America (Canada, USA).”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmission occurs through rain-splashed conidia liberated from pycnidia on dormant-vine spurs and clusters under wet conditions.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- TRANSMISSIONe0
- Qualifier
- By conidia liberated from pycnidia found on spurs and clusters left on dormant vines under wet conditions, when they are dispersed by rain-splashe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TRANSMISSION: By conidia liberated from pycnidia found on spurs and clusters left on dormant vines under wet conditions, when they are dispersed by rain-splash”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus also spreads through nematodes and insect larvae.
- Taxon
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0
- Second interactor
- insect larvaee0other
- Outcome
- spreade0
Verbatim
e0“Also spread by nematodes and insect larvae”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycelium spreads through pruning wounds made with contaminated knives.
- Interactor
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- pruning woundse0
- Qualifier
- by mycelium through pruning wounds inflicted by contaminated knivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and by mycelium through pruning wounds inflicted by contaminated knives”
e1“necrosis of grapevine”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus overwinters as mycelium in infected grapevine parts, especially basal buds, and carries over from the first few internodes.
- Taxon
- Phomopsis viticolaDiaporthe ampelinat0
- Outcome
- overwinterse0
- Qualifier
- as mycelium, particularly in the basal budse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus overwinters in infected parts of the grapevine (56, 1680) as mycelium, particularly in the basal buds, (53, 636) and can carry over from the first few internodes of the same vine (5, 471).”
t0“Phomopsis viticola”