Abstract
Plant breeders can make better decisions in breeding if they know the inheritance and genetic variability of traits. Moreover, since grain yield comes from a combination of contributing traits, indirect selection may provide a better alternative to improve yield. The objectives of the study were to elucidate the inheritance of grain yield, yield components and grain filling parameters in various sorghum populations, determine the effectiveness of indirect selection, and characterize the best breeding parents. Two experiments of generation means analyses were conducted; one involving 16 sorghum crosses and six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2), and another involving one cross and seven generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BCIF2, BC2F2, and F3 progeny). With few exceptions, gene action was predominantly dominant for grain yield (GYP), grain number per plant (GNP) and rate of grain filling (RGF), predominantly additive for 100-grain weight (GW), and variable for length of grain filling (LGF). In all F2 populations the largest genetic coefficients of variation (GCV) were observed for GNP (from 18.5% to 26.8%). In the F3 progeny the GCV's for GYP, GW and GNP were very similar ranging from 10.2% to 12.1%. Direct selection for yield resulted in more favorable estimated gains in all traits compared to indirect selection. Similar estimated gains for GYP were observed using direct selection or using an index involving selection for GYP, GW, and GNP or GYP, LGF, and RGF, therefore direct selection should be easier and equally efficient. The female Wheatland and the pollinator 17473R were good combiners for GW and the best for GYP. The pollinator 22830R was the best only for GW. Only the 17473R crosses had dominant effects for GW and generated simultaneous heterosis for both yield components. Line 17473R should be useful as a parent for hybrid breeding, while fine 22830R should impart the largest genetic variability for most traits in populations, especially for GW.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant gene action predominated for grain yield, grain number, and grain filling rate.
- Outcome
- gene action was predominantly dominant for grain yield (GYP), grain number per plant (GNP) and rate of grain filling (RGF)e0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene action was predominantly dominant for grain yield (GYP), grain number per plant (GNP) and rate of grain filling (RGF)”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Additive gene action predominated for 100-grain weight.
- Outcome
- predominantly additive for 100-grain weight (GW)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“predominantly additive for 100-grain weight (GW)”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene action varied for length of grain filling.
- Outcome
- variable for length of grain filling (LGF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variable for length of grain filling (LGF)”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain number had the largest genetic variation coefficients in all F2 populations.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all F2 populations the largest genetic coefficients of variation (GCV) were observed for GNP (from 18.5% to 26.8%).”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
F3 variation coefficients for yield, weight and grain number were similar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the F3 progeny the GCV's for GYP, GW and GNP were very similar ranging from 10.2% to 12.1%.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct yield selection gave more favorable estimated gains across traits than indirect selection.
- Treatment
- Direct selection for yielde0
- Outcome
- estimated gains in all traitse0
- Direction
- more favorablee0
- Comparator
- indirect selectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct selection for yield resulted in more favorable estimated gains in all traits compared to indirect selection.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct yield selection and the reported selection indexes gave similar estimated yield gains.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar estimated gains for GYP were observed using direct selection or using an index involving selection for GYP, GW, and GNP or GYP, LGF, and RGF”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheatland and 17473R combined well for grain weight and best for grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The female Wheatland and the pollinator 17473R were good combiners for GW and the best for GYP.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
22830R was the best pollinator only for grain weight.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pollinator 22830R was the best only for GW.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Only crosses with 17473R had dominant grain weight effects and heterosis for both yield components.
- Material
- 17473Re0
- Outcome
- dominant effects for GW and generated simultaneous heterosis for both yield componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only the 17473R crosses had dominant effects for GW and generated simultaneous heterosis for both yield components.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 17473R for hybrid breeding.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Line 17473R should be useful as a parent for hybrid breeding”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors expect 22830R to impart the greatest variation, especially in grain weight.
- Material
- 22830Re0
- Outcome
- impart the largest genetic variability for most traits in populations, especially for GWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fine 22830R should impart the largest genetic variability for most traits in populations, especially for GW.”
t0“sorghum”