Abstract
This paper presents a summary of new evidence for regarding sterility and dwarfing of oats (OSDV) as a virus disease. Brief references are also made to the identification of a further virus in Czechoslovakia-the wheat striate virus (WSV). Both viruses are transmitted by the leafhopperCalligypona pellucida F. The wheat striate virus differs from the oat sterile-dwarf virus in that it can be passed transovarially by the infected females of the vector to their progeny. This characteristic, which made it possible for the two viruses to be separated from each other, was demonstrated for the first time for pathogenic viruses on the European continent in this case. OSDV can be transmitted by leafhopper larvae and adults. The time during which OSDV circulates in the vector’s body is very variable; it is usually three to four weeks. The incubation period of OSDV was three to four weeks for oats, four to seven weeks for wheat and barley; rye only showed retarded growth after four weeks. For infection to take place it was necessary for the vector to remain for a minimum of half-an-hour on the test plant; 100% infection was obtained when the vector remained on the plant for three days. The injury inflicted by OSDV on the host does not increase proportionately either with the duration of the feeding period or with an increase in the number of vectors on the plant. Concentrated extracts of the crushed bodies of infectious leafhoppers produced no symptoms of disease, when rubbed or injected into oat plants. Nor were attempts to transfer OSDV and WSV through soil or dodder successful. OSDV was, however, transferred by grafting. Both viruses gave rise to characteristic symptoms inAvena fatua L. andPoa annua L. These findings are discussed from the etiological point of view.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
New evidence supports sterility and dwarfing of oats as a virus disease.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae0 - Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sterility and dwarfinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“new evidence for regarding sterility and dwarfing of oats (OSDV) as a virus disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The leafhopper transmits oat sterile-dwarf virus.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Interactor
- leafhopperCalligypona pellucida F.e0pest
- Outcome
- transmittede0
- Qualifier
- OSDVe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both viruses are transmitted by the leafhopperCalligypona pellucida F.”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
Claim · model-written summary
The leafhopper transmits wheat striate virus.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- leafhopperCalligypona pellucida F.e0pest
- Outcome
- transmittede0
- Qualifier
- wheat striate virus (WSV)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both viruses are transmitted by the leafhopperCalligypona pellucida F.”
e1“wheat striate virus (WSV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat striate virus passes transovarially through infected leafhoppers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- vectore0pest
- Outcome
- passed transovariallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat striate virus differs from the oat sterile-dwarf virus in that it can be passed transovarially by the infected females of the vector to their progeny”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat sterile-dwarf virus can be transmitted by leafhopper larvae and adults.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Interactor
- leafhoppere0pest
- Outcome
- transmitted by leafhopper larvae and adultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OSDV can be transmitted by leafhopper larvae and adults.”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
Claim · model-written summary
OSDV circulation in the vector usually lasts three to four weeks.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Interactor
- leafhoppere2pest
- Outcome
- OSDV circulates in the vector’s bodye0
- Value
- three to four weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time during which OSDV circulates in the vector’s body is very variable; it is usually three to four weeks.”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
e2“leafhopper larvae and adults”
Claim · model-written summary
OSDV incubation in oats was three to four weeks.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Interactor
- OSDVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- incubation period of OSDVe0
- Value
- three to four weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incubation period of OSDV was three to four weeks for oats”
Claim · model-written summary
OSDV incubation in wheat was four to seven weeks.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- OSDVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- incubation period of OSDVe1
- Value
- four to seven weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four to seven weeks for wheat and barley”
e1“incubation period of OSDV”
Claim · model-written summary
OSDV incubation in barley was four to seven weeks.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Interactor
- OSDVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- incubation period of OSDVe1
- Value
- four to seven weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“four to seven weeks for wheat and barley”
e1“incubation period of OSDV”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye showed only retarded growth after four weeks.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee0 - Interactor
- OSDVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- retarded growthe0
- Value
- four weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye only showed retarded growth after four weeks”
e1“OSDV can be transmitted by leafhopper larvae and adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Vector residence of at least half an hour was needed for infection.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Interactor
- vectore0pest
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Value
- a minimum of half-an-houre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For infection to take place it was necessary for the vector to remain for a minimum of half-an-hour on the test plant”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three days of vector residence produced 100% infection.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% infection was obtained when the vector remained on the plant for three days”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
Claim · model-written summary
OSDV injury did not rise proportionately with feeding duration or vector number.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Interactor
- OSDVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- injury inflicted by OSDV on the hoste0
- Direction
- does not increase proportionatelye0
- Qualifier
- duration of the feeding period or with an increase in the number of vectorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The injury inflicted by OSDV on the host does not increase proportionately either with the duration of the feeding period or with an increase in the number of vectors on the plant.”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrated extracts of infectious leafhoppers caused no disease symptoms in oat plants.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Concentrated extracts of the crushed bodies of infectious leafhopperse0
- Interactor
- leafhoppersCicadellidaee0pest
- Outcome
- symptoms of diseasee0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrated extracts of the crushed bodies of infectious leafhoppers produced no symptoms of disease, when rubbed or injected into oat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer of OSDV through soil or dodder was unsuccessful.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Interactor
- doddere0parasite
- Outcome
- transfer OSDVe0
- Direction
- Nor were attemptse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nor were attempts to transfer OSDV and WSV through soil or dodder successful.”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer of WSV through soil or dodder was unsuccessful.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- doddere0parasite
- Outcome
- transfer OSDV and WSVe0
- Direction
- Nor were attemptse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nor were attempts to transfer OSDV and WSV through soil or dodder successful.”
e1“wheat striate virus (WSV)”
Claim · model-written summary
OSDV was transferred by grafting.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Interactor
- OSDVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- transferred by graftinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OSDV was, however, transferred by grafting.”
e1“oats (OSDV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both viruses caused characteristic symptoms in Avena fatua.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.
Avena fatuae0 - Outcome
- characteristic symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both viruses gave rise to characteristic symptoms inAvena fatua L. andPoa annua L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both viruses caused characteristic symptoms in Poa annua.
- Outcome
- characteristic symptomse0
Poa annuaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both viruses gave rise to characteristic symptoms inAvena fatua L. andPoa annua L.”