Abstract
Plants of Gynura aurantiaca and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were inoculated with severe strains of citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV). The progeny of both viroids was analyzed by two systems of PAGE which allowed discrimination between CEV and PSTV on the basis of their different sizes. When inoculated separately to G. aurantiaca CEV and PSTV induced severe and very mild symptoms, respectively, with CEV accumulating to a higher level than PSTV, whereas when tomato was the host, each viroid induced severe symptoms (although the reaction caused by PSTV was more intense) with PSTV reaching a higher steady-state concentration than CEV. The simultaneous inoculation of both viroids induced in G. aurantiaca the characteristic symptomatology of CEV, which was the only viroid that could be detected, whereas the response observed in tomato was that typical of PSTV, and only this viroid could be recovered. On the other hand, when G. aurantiaca plants were first inoculated with PSTV and later challenged with CEV, part of the plants displayed the characteristic severe reaction of CEV and both viroids were present in the corresponding extracts, but the other part showed the mild symptomatology induced by PSTV, and only this viroid could be isolated. However, when the protected plants were topped the new shoots exhibited severe symptoms and only CEV could be detected. These results suggest that CEV and PSTV compete for a limiting host factor needed for their replication, transport or accumulation, with CEV and PSTV having the highest affinity for the G. aurantiaca and tomato factors, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In Gynura aurantiaca, CEV induced severe symptoms when inoculated separately, compared with PSTV.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiaca
_Gynura_aurantiaca_-_flower_and_leaf.jpg?width=60)
Gynura aurantiacae1 - Treatment
- inoculated separatelye1
- Interactor
- CEV
Citrus exocortis viroide1pathogen - Outcome
- symptomse1
- Qualifier
- severee1
- Comparator
- PSTVe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Gynura_aurantiaca_-_flower_and_leaf.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“When inoculated separately to G. aurantiaca CEV and PSTV induced severe and very mild symptoms, respectively, with CEV accumulating to a higher level than PSTV”
Claim · model-written summary
In Gynura aurantiaca, PSTV induced very mild symptoms when inoculated separately, compared with CEV.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiacaGynura aurantiacae1
- Treatment
- inoculated separatelye1
- Interactor
- PSTV
Potato spindle tuber viroide1pathogen - Outcome
- symptomse1
- Qualifier
- very milde1
- Comparator
- CEVe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When inoculated separately to G. aurantiaca CEV and PSTV induced severe and very mild symptoms, respectively, with CEV accumulating to a higher level than PSTV”
Claim · model-written summary
In Gynura aurantiaca, CEV accumulated to a higher level than PSTV when inoculated separately.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiacaGynura aurantiacae1
- Treatment
- inoculated separatelye1
- Interactor
- CEVCitrus exocortis viroide1pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulatinge1
- Direction
- higher levele1
- Comparator
- PSTVe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When inoculated separately to G. aurantiaca CEV and PSTV induced severe and very mild symptoms, respectively, with CEV accumulating to a higher level than PSTV”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, each viroid induced severe symptoms, with the reaction to PSTV more intense.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Interactor
- PSTVPotato spindle tuber viroide2pathogen
- Second interactor
- CEVCitrus exocortis viroide2pathogen
- Outcome
- severe symptomse2
- Qualifier
- the reaction caused by PSTV was more intensee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“when tomato was the host, each viroid induced severe symptoms (although the reaction caused by PSTV was more intense) with PSTV reaching a higher steady-state concentration than CEV”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, PSTV reached a higher steady-state concentration than CEV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- severe strains of citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV)e0
- Interactor
- PSTVPotato spindle tuber viroide2pathogen
- Outcome
- steady-state concentratione2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- CEVe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants of Gynura aurantiaca and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were inoculated with severe strains of citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV)”
e2“when tomato was the host, each viroid induced severe symptoms (although the reaction caused by PSTV was more intense) with PSTV reaching a higher steady-state concentration than CEV”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous inoculation of G. aurantiaca with both viroids induced the characteristic symptomatology of CEV, and CEV was the only viroid detected.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiacaGynura aurantiacae3
- Treatment
- simultaneous inoculation of both viroidse3
- Interactor
- CEVCitrus exocortis viroide3pathogen
- Outcome
- characteristic symptomatology of CEVe3
- Qualifier
- only viroid that could be detectede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The simultaneous inoculation of both viroids induced in G. aurantiaca the characteristic symptomatology of CEV, which was the only viroid that could be detected, whereas the response observed in tomato was that typical of PSTV, and only this viroid could be recovered”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous inoculation of tomato with both viroids gave the response typical of PSTV, and only PSTV was recovered.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- simultaneous inoculation of both viroidse3
- Interactor
- PSTVPotato spindle tuber viroide3pathogen
- Outcome
- the response observed in tomato was that typical of PSTVe3
- Qualifier
- only this viroid could be recoverede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The simultaneous inoculation of both viroids induced in G. aurantiaca the characteristic symptomatology of CEV, which was the only viroid that could be detected, whereas the response observed in tomato was that typical of PSTV, and only this viroid could be recovered”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants first inoculated with PSTV and then challenged with CEV: part showed the characteristic severe CEV reaction, with both viroids present.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiacaGynura aurantiacae4
- Treatment
- first inoculated with PSTV and later challenged with CEVe4
- Interactor
- CEVCitrus exocortis viroide4pathogen
- Second interactor
- PSTVPotato spindle tuber viroide4pathogen
- Outcome
- characteristic severe reaction of CEVe4
- Qualifier
- both viroids were present in the corresponding extractse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“when G. aurantiaca plants were first inoculated with PSTV and later challenged with CEV, part of the plants displayed the characteristic severe reaction of CEV and both viroids were present in the corresponding extracts, but the other part showed the mild symptomatology induced by PSTV, and only this viroid could be isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
In the other part of the sequentially inoculated plants, the mild symptomatology induced by PSTV appeared and only PSTV was isolated.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiacaGynura aurantiacae4
- Treatment
- first inoculated with PSTV and later challenged with CEVe4
- Interactor
- PSTVPotato spindle tuber viroide4pathogen
- Outcome
- the mild symptomatology induced by PSTVe4
- Qualifier
- only this viroid could be isolatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“when G. aurantiaca plants were first inoculated with PSTV and later challenged with CEV, part of the plants displayed the characteristic severe reaction of CEV and both viroids were present in the corresponding extracts, but the other part showed the mild symptomatology induced by PSTV, and only this viroid could be isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Topped protected plants developed new shoots with severe symptoms, in which only CEV could be detected.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiacaGynura aurantiacae4
- Treatment
- toppede5
- Interactor
- CEVCitrus exocortis viroide5pathogen
- Outcome
- the new shoots exhibited severe symptomse5
- Qualifier
- only CEV could be detectede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“when G. aurantiaca plants were first inoculated with PSTV and later challenged with CEV, part of the plants displayed the characteristic severe reaction of CEV and both viroids were present in the corresponding extracts, but the other part showed the mild symptomatology induced by PSTV, and only this viroid could be isolated”
e5“when the protected plants were topped the new shoots exhibited severe symptoms and only CEV could be detected”
Claim · model-written summary
CEV and PSTV are suggested to compete for a limiting host factor needed for their replication, transport or accumulation, with each viroid having highest affinity for its own host factor.
- Taxon
- G. aurantiacaGynura aurantiacae6
- Interactor
- CEVCitrus exocortis viroide6pathogen
- Second interactor
- PSTVPotato spindle tuber viroide6pathogen
- Outcome
- replication, transport or accumulatione6
- Qualifier
- compete for a limiting host factore6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“These results suggest that CEV and PSTV compete for a limiting host factor needed for their replication, transport or accumulation, with CEV and PSTV having the highest affinity for the G. aurantiaca and tomato factors, respectively”