Abstract
This study determined the efficacy of jatropha plant part extracts against Cordana musae (Zimm) van Hoehnel causing leafspot of Cardava (cooking variety) banana; it was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 14 treatments replicated three times in vitro and in vivo (protective and eradicative) set-ups. Results of bioassays revealed that of the ten jatropha plant part extracts, jatropha seed extract (JSE), jatropha young fruits + seed extracts (JFE + SE) and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) exhibited very effective (VE) inhibitory effect against C. musae based on diameter zone of inhibition after 72 hr of incubation comparable to the effect of Impatiens balsamina plant part extracts (IBPPE, botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check). Under screen house, jatropha seeds extract (JSE) applied as protectant delayed infection up to 14 days after inoculation (DAI) of C. musae on banana seedlings. JSE and JYF+SE and JR+LE reduced severity infection of Cordana leafspot from 6.70 to 11.07% after 40 days of protective treatment with the highest degree of control that ranged from 64.24 to 82.47%. Moreover, jatropha seeds extract (JSE), jatropha young fruit + seeds extracts (JYF+SE), and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) applied as eradicant exhibited significantly reduced severity of infection of Cordana leaf spot compared to other treatments. Jatropha seeds extract (JSE) and jatropha young fruit +seeds extract (JYF+SE) exhibited the highest degree of control against Cordana leafspot after four eradicative applications at 10-day intervals, comparable to the effect of Impatiens balsamina plant parts extract, IBPPE (botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check). Jatropha seeds extract (JSE) and jatropha young fruit + seeds extract (JYF+SE) thus showed potential as biofungicide against C. musae causing leaf spot of Cardava banana.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Jatropha seed extract inhibited C. musae in bioassays comparably to botanical and chemical checks.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- jatropha seed extract (JSE)e0
- Interactor
- C. musae
Neocordana musaee0pathogen - Outcome
- inhibitory effect against C. musaee0
- Direction
- very effective (VE)e0
- Comparator
- Impatiens balsamina plant part extracts (IBPPE, botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“jatropha seed extract (JSE), jatropha young fruits + seed extracts (JFE + SE) and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) exhibited very effective (VE) inhibitory effect against C. musae based on diameter zone of inhibition after 72 hr of incubation comparable to the effect of Impatiens balsamina plant part extracts (IBPPE, botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Jatropha young fruit and seed extract inhibited C. musae in bioassays.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- jatropha young fruits + seed extracts (JFE + SE)e0
- Interactor
- C. musaeNeocordana musaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect against C. musaee0
- Direction
- very effective (VE)e0
- Comparator
- Impatiens balsamina plant part extracts (IBPPE, botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“jatropha seed extract (JSE), jatropha young fruits + seed extracts (JFE + SE) and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) exhibited very effective (VE) inhibitory effect against C. musae based on diameter zone of inhibition after 72 hr of incubation comparable to the effect of Impatiens balsamina plant part extracts (IBPPE, botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Jatropha root and leaf extract inhibited C. musae in bioassays.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE)e0
- Interactor
- C. musaeNeocordana musaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect against C. musaee0
- Direction
- very effective (VE)e0
- Comparator
- Impatiens balsamina plant part extracts (IBPPE, botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“jatropha seed extract (JSE), jatropha young fruits + seed extracts (JFE + SE) and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) exhibited very effective (VE) inhibitory effect against C. musae based on diameter zone of inhibition after 72 hr of incubation comparable to the effect of Impatiens balsamina plant part extracts (IBPPE, botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective JSE delayed C. musae infection of banana seedlings up to 14 days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- jatropha seeds extract (JSE) applied as protectante0
- Interactor
- C. musaeNeocordana musaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 14 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“jatropha seeds extract (JSE) applied as protectant delayed infection up to 14 days after inoculation (DAI) of C. musae on banana seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective JSE reduced Cordana leafspot severity.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- JSEe0
- Outcome
- severity infection of Cordana leafspote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.70 to 11.07%e0
- Qualifier
- after 40 days of protective treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JSE and JYF+SE and JR+LE reduced severity infection of Cordana leafspot from 6.70 to 11.07% after 40 days of protective treatment with the highest degree of control that ranged from 64.24 to 82.47%”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective JYF+SE reduced Cordana leafspot severity.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- JYF+SEe0
- Outcome
- severity infection of Cordana leafspote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.70 to 11.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JSE and JYF+SE and JR+LE reduced severity infection of Cordana leafspot from 6.70 to 11.07% after 40 days of protective treatment with the highest degree of control that ranged from 64.24 to 82.47%”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective JR+LE reduced Cordana leafspot severity.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- JR+LEe0
- Outcome
- severity infection of Cordana leafspote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.70 to 11.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JSE and JYF+SE and JR+LE reduced severity infection of Cordana leafspot from 6.70 to 11.07% after 40 days of protective treatment with the highest degree of control that ranged from 64.24 to 82.47%”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradicative JSE significantly reduced Cordana leafspot severity against other treatments.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- jatropha seeds extract (JSE)e0
- Outcome
- severity of infection of Cordana leaf spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“jatropha seeds extract (JSE), jatropha young fruit + seeds extracts (JYF+SE), and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) applied as eradicant exhibited significantly reduced severity of infection of Cordana leaf spot compared to other treatments”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradicative JYF+SE significantly reduced Cordana leafspot severity against other treatments.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- jatropha young fruit + seeds extracts (JYF+SE)e0
- Outcome
- severity of infection of Cordana leaf spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“jatropha seeds extract (JSE), jatropha young fruit + seeds extracts (JYF+SE), and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) applied as eradicant exhibited significantly reduced severity of infection of Cordana leaf spot compared to other treatments”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradicative JR+LE significantly reduced Cordana leafspot severity against other treatments.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE)e0
- Outcome
- severity of infection of Cordana leaf spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“jatropha seeds extract (JSE), jatropha young fruit + seeds extracts (JYF+SE), and jatropha roots + leaves extracts (JR+LE) applied as eradicant exhibited significantly reduced severity of infection of Cordana leaf spot compared to other treatments”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradicative JSE had the highest Cordana leafspot control after four applications, comparable to checks.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- Jatropha seeds extract (JSE)e0
- Outcome
- degree of control against Cordana leafspote0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- after four eradicative applications at 10-day intervalse0
- Comparator
- Impatiens balsamina plant parts extract, IBPPE (botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jatropha seeds extract (JSE) and jatropha young fruit +seeds extract (JYF+SE) exhibited the highest degree of control against Cordana leafspot after four eradicative applications at 10-day intervals, comparable to the effect of Impatiens balsamina plant parts extract, IBPPE (botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradicative JYF+SE had the highest Cordana leafspot control after four applications, comparable to checks.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananat0
- Treatment
- jatropha young fruit +seeds extract (JYF+SE)e0
- Outcome
- degree of control against Cordana leafspote0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Impatiens balsamina plant parts extract, IBPPE (botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jatropha seeds extract (JSE) and jatropha young fruit +seeds extract (JYF+SE) exhibited the highest degree of control against Cordana leafspot after four eradicative applications at 10-day intervals, comparable to the effect of Impatiens balsamina plant parts extract, IBPPE (botanical check) and benomyl (chemical check)”
t0“Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify JSE as a potential biofungicide against C. musae on Cardava banana.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananae0
- Treatment
- Jatropha seeds extract (JSE)e0
- Interactor
- C. musaeNeocordana musaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- potential as biofungicide against C. musaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jatropha seeds extract (JSE) and jatropha young fruit + seeds extract (JYF+SE) thus showed potential as biofungicide against C. musae causing leaf spot of Cardava banana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify JYF+SE as a potential biofungicide against C. musae on Cardava banana.
- Taxon
- Cardava bananae0
- Treatment
- jatropha young fruit + seeds extract (JYF+SE)e0
- Interactor
- C. musaeNeocordana musaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- potential as biofungicide against C. musaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jatropha seeds extract (JSE) and jatropha young fruit + seeds extract (JYF+SE) thus showed potential as biofungicide against C. musae causing leaf spot of Cardava banana”