Abstract
Control of vulpia, an annual grass weed of temperate Australian pastures, has relied on spraytopping in spring using sublethal rates of paraquat and glyphosate; and wintercleaning using simazine. For spraytopping, the application window is narrow and a more accurate and practical procedure for assessing optimum application times is required. This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years where paraquat and glyphosate were applied on four occasions in each spring, and at each spray time, the stage of vulpia development recorded. Herbicide effectiveness was dependent on the proportion of tillers where the seedheads were visible (peeping), but varied with herbicide type. Control following glyphosate and paraquat was optimum at 70-80% peeping, and 80-90% peeping, respectively. Plant development was related to cumulative mean temperatures (R{2} = 0.83) and provides another option for assessment of optimum application times. For their respective optimum application times, glyphosate was more effective than paraquat in controlling vulpia, but regeneration of subterranean clover was lower. Marginally greater control of vulpia was achieved by doubling recommended application rates, repeating applications in successive years and applying grazing pressure following herbicide application. However, when assessed 18 months after spraytopping and with no other restrictions to natural seeding, vulpia populations had significantly increased, indicating that spraytopping needs to be complemented by other management inputs for long-term control.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide effectiveness depended on the proportion of tillers with visible seedheads (peeping), and varied with herbicide type.
- Taxon
- annual pasturee1
- Treatment
- proportion of tillers where the seedheads were visible (peeping)e2
- Outcome
- Herbicide effectivenesse2
- Setting
- near Bathurst, NSWe1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e2“Herbicide effectiveness was dependent on the proportion of tillers where the seedheads were visible (peeping), but varied with herbicide type”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate control of vulpia was optimum at 70-80% peeping.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“Control following glyphosate and paraquat was optimum at 70-80% peeping, and 80-90% peeping, respectively”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat control was optimum at 80-90% peeping.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“Control following glyphosate and paraquat was optimum at 70-80% peeping, and 80-90% peeping, respectively”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate was more effective than paraquat in controlling vulpia at their respective optimum application times.
Verbatim
e4“For their respective optimum application times, glyphosate was more effective than paraquat in controlling vulpia, but regeneration of subterranean clover was lower”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Regeneration of subterranean clover was lower after glyphosate than after paraquat.
- Taxon
- subterranean clover
Trifolium subterraneume4 - Treatment
- glyphosatee4
- Outcome
- regeneration of subterranean clovere4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- paraquate4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“For their respective optimum application times, glyphosate was more effective than paraquat in controlling vulpia, but regeneration of subterranean clover was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling recommended herbicide application rates gave marginally greater control of vulpia.
- Taxon
- annual pasturee1
- Treatment
- doubling recommended application ratese6
- Outcome
- control of vulpiae6
- Direction
- greatere6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“Marginally greater control of vulpia was achieved by doubling recommended application rates, repeating applications in successive years and applying grazing pressure following herbicide application”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeating applications in successive years gave marginally greater control of vulpia.
- Taxon
- annual pasturee1
- Treatment
- repeating applications in successive yearse6
- Outcome
- control of vulpiae6
- Direction
- greatere6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“Marginally greater control of vulpia was achieved by doubling recommended application rates, repeating applications in successive years and applying grazing pressure following herbicide application”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying grazing pressure after herbicide application gave marginally greater control of vulpia.
- Taxon
- annual pasturee1
- Treatment
- applying grazing pressure following herbicide applicatione6
- Outcome
- control of vulpiae6
- Direction
- greatere6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“Marginally greater control of vulpia was achieved by doubling recommended application rates, repeating applications in successive years and applying grazing pressure following herbicide application”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant development was related to cumulative mean temperatures (R2 = 0.83) in vulpia.
- Taxon
- annual pasturee1
- Treatment
- cumulative mean temperaturese7
- Outcome
- Plant developmente7
- Value
- R{2} = 0.83e7
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e7“Plant development was related to cumulative mean temperatures (R{2} = 0.83)”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Vulpia populations significantly increased 18 months after spraytopping when there were no other restrictions to natural seeding.
- Taxon
- vulpiaFestuca subgen. Vulpiae5
- Treatment
- spraytoppinge5
- Outcome
- vulpia populationse5
- Direction
- significantly increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e5“However, when assessed 18 months after spraytopping and with no other restrictions to natural seeding, vulpia populations had significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraytopping needs to be complemented by other management inputs for long-term control of vulpia.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that spraytopping needs to be complemented by other management inputs for long-term control”
e1“This was examined in replicated field experiments on an annual pasture near Bathurst, NSW over three years”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · growth · Trifolium subterraneumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.