Abstract
The application of pesticides in irrigation water (chemigation) is developing into a highly efficient and economical pest management strategy as the influence of application parameters are understood. In the current study, the effects of main-line water velocity, injection port direction, and sprinkler nozzle type were evaluated with two rates of chlorpyrifos to control fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in whorl-stage field corn grown under 0.6 ha center pivot irrigation systems. Chlorpyrifos injected into a main-line water velocity of 2.7 m/s generally gave as good or better fall armyworm control than when injected into a water velocity of 0.9 m/s regardless of sprinkler type. Upstream injection of chlorpyrifos formulated in non-emulsifiable oil resulted in better control of fall armyworm than did downstream injection. Chlorpyrifos applied with a 360@* spray sprinkler with coarse plates and nozzle orifice diam. between 3.6 and 9.5 mm at a main-line water velocity of 0.9 m/s gave the poorest fall armyworm control while an impact sprinkler gave the best control. The formulation droplet breakup in the main line and at the sprinkler were important factors in the distribution of insecticides to the target.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
A 2.7 m/s water velocity gave as good or better armyworm control than 0.9 m/s.
- Taxon
- field corne1
- Treatment
- main-line water velocity of 2.7 m/se0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae1pest - Outcome
- fall armyworm controle0
- Direction
- as good or bettere0
- Comparator
- water velocity of 0.9 m/se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Chlorpyrifos injected into a main-line water velocity of 2.7 m/s generally gave as good or better fall armyworm control than when injected into a water velocity of 0.9 m/s regardless of sprinkler type.”
e1“fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in whorl-stage field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Upstream injection gave better fall armyworm control than downstream injection.
- Taxon
- field corne1
- Treatment
- Upstream injection of chlorpyrifos formulated in non-emulsifiable oile0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)Spodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- control of fall armyworme0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- downstream injectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upstream injection of chlorpyrifos formulated in non-emulsifiable oil resulted in better control of fall armyworm than did downstream injection.”
e1“fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in whorl-stage field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified 360@* spray sprinkler produced the poorest armyworm control.
- Taxon
- field corne1
- Treatment
- 360@* spray sprinkler with coarse plates and nozzle orifice diam. between 3.6 and 9.5 mme0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)Spodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- fall armyworm controle0
- Direction
- pooreste0
- Comparator
- impact sprinklere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorpyrifos applied with a 360@* spray sprinkler with coarse plates and nozzle orifice diam. between 3.6 and 9.5 mm at a main-line water velocity of 0.9 m/s gave the poorest fall armyworm control while an impact sprinkler gave the best control.”
e1“fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in whorl-stage field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
An impact sprinkler gave the best armyworm control.
- Taxon
- field corne1
- Treatment
- impact sprinklere0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)Spodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- fall armyworm controle0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- 360@* spray sprinklere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorpyrifos applied with a 360@* spray sprinkler with coarse plates and nozzle orifice diam. between 3.6 and 9.5 mm at a main-line water velocity of 0.9 m/s gave the poorest fall armyworm control while an impact sprinkler gave the best control.”
e1“fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in whorl-stage field corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Droplet breakup influenced insecticide distribution to the target.
Verbatim
e0“The formulation droplet breakup in the main line and at the sprinkler were important factors in the distribution of insecticides to the target.”
e1“fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in whorl-stage field corn”
The same questions in other papers
chlorpyrifos · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →application · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →irrigation · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.