Abstract
SUMMARY Dark‐coloured, depressed spots (‘pits’), up to 10 mm. in diameter, are recorded on Giant Cavendish banana fruits in Costa Rica. Pits first appear in the field, usually on almost mature bunches, and increase in numbers during cold storage and ripening. Symptoms are identical with those of ‘Johnston fruit‐spot’ and ‘pitting disease’ described by earlier workers. Disease is maximal during and for a short time after heavy rainfall. Pyricularia grisea was consistently isolated from typical pits, and disease was reproduced by inoculating fruit in the field with conidia of P. grisea from pure culture. Conidia germinate after 1–2 hr. in a film of water on the peel of immature fruits. An appressorium is formed and there is some evidence that this produces an infection hypha which, in the first instance, penetrates the cuticle but not the epidermis cell wall. In most cases, there is no evidence of further penetration until the fruit is ready for harvest, or until after harvest. The fungus then resumes activity and invades the epidermis and underlying tissues to cause a pit. Latency in P. grisea is compared with that in Gloeosporium musarum.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dark depressed spots up to 10 mm in diameter are recorded on Giant Cavendish banana fruits in Costa Rica.
- Taxon
- bananast0
- Material
- Giant Cavendishe1
- Organ / stage
- fruitse1
- Outcome
- depressed spotse0
- Value
- up to 10 mme1
- Setting
- Costa Ricae1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e0“depressed spots”
e1“up to 10 mm. in diameter, are recorded on Giant Cavendish banana fruits in Costa Rica”
Claim · model-written summary
Pits first appear in the field, usually on almost mature bananas bunches.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e2“Pits first appear in the field, usually on almost mature bunches”
Claim · model-written summary
Pits increase in number during cold storage and ripening.
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e3“increase in numbers during cold storage and ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease is maximal during and for a short time after heavy rainfall.
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e4“Disease is maximal during and for a short time after heavy rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyricularia grisea was consistently isolated from typical pits on banana fruit.
- Taxon
- bananast0
- Organ / stage
- typical pitse5
- Interactor
- Pyricularia grisea
Pyricularia griseae5pathogen - Outcome
- isolatede5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e5“Pyricularia grisea was consistently isolated from typical pits”
Claim · model-written summary
Pitting disease was reproduced by inoculating banana fruit in the field with conidia of P. grisea from pure culture.
- Taxon
- bananast0
- Treatment
- inoculating fruit in the field with conidia of P. grisea from pure culturee6
- Interactor
- P. griseaPyricularia griseae6pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e6“disease was reproduced by inoculating fruit in the field with conidia of P. grisea from pure culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidia of the pathogen germinate within 1–2 hr in a film of water on the peel of immature banana fruit.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e7“Conidia germinate after 1–2 hr. in a film of water on the peel of immature fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The infection hypha is suggested to penetrate the cuticle but not the epidermis cell wall.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e0“penetrates the cuticle but not the epidermis cell wall”
Claim · model-written summary
In most cases the pathogen shows no further penetration until the fruit is ready for harvest or after harvest.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e1“In most cases, there is no evidence of further penetration until the fruit is ready for harvest, or until after harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
After harvest the fungus invades the epidermis and underlying tissues of banana fruit to cause a pit.
- Taxon
- bananast0
- Organ / stage
- epidermis and underlying tissuese2
- Interactor
- funguse2pathogen
- Outcome
- invades the epidermis and underlying tissuese2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e2“The fungus then resumes activity and invades the epidermis and underlying tissues to cause a pit”
Claim · model-written summary
The symptoms of the banana pitting disease are identical with those described earlier for pitting disease.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“pitting disease of bananas”
e3“Symptoms are identical with those of”
e4“pitting disease”