Effect of Pre and Post Emergence Herbicides on Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of pre and post emergence herbicides on weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) in clay loam soils on farmer’s field in Hale Torgal village of Ramdurg taluk, Belgaum district during 20102011 under rainfed conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments. Treatment combinations consisted of pre emergence application of atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) followed by (fb) post emergence application of atrazine 50 WP (1.50 or 1.75 kg ha -1 ), directed spray of paraquat 24 SL (1.0 or 1.5 kg ha -1 ), glyphosate 41SL (2.5 or 3.0 kg ha -1 ) and 2,4-D 80 WP (2.0 or 3.0 kg ha -1 ) along with standard check (Atrazine 50 WP 1.25 kg ha -1 + 2 intercultivation (at 30 and 45 DAS) + 1 hand weeding (between 30 and 45 DAS) and weedy check. Weedy check recorded the highest dry weight of the weeds whereas lowest was recorded in Atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (2.5 kg ha -1 ). Total number of weeds, weed control index followed the same trend. The higher maize yield was obtained with atrazine 50 WP 1.25 kg ha -1 fb glyphosate 41SL 2.5 kg ha -1 (5305 kg ha -1 ) whereas weedy check recorded significantly lower maize yield (2342 kg ha -1 ). The economics of weed management practices indicated that application of atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (3.0 kg ha -1 ) resulted in higher net returns (Rs 60702 ha -1 ) and B: C (3.76) compared to rest of the treatments.

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Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The weedy check had the highest dry weight of weeds in the maize experiment.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: dry weight of the weedse0
Direction: higheste0
Qualifier: Weedy checke0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Zea mays* · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Weedy check recorded the highest dry weight of the weeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–895 · show in text ↑

t0
“Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–82 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The lowest weed dry weight was recorded with atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg/ha) followed by glyphosate 41SL (2.5 kg/ha).

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: Atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (2.5 kg ha -1 )e0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: dry weight of the weedse0
Direction: loweste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Weedy check recorded the highest dry weight of the weeds whereas lowest was recorded in Atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (2.5 kg ha -1 )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–993 · show in text ↑

t0
“Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–82 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Total number of weeds and weed control index followed the same trend as weed dry weight.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: Total number of weeds, weed control indexe0
Qualifier: followed the same trende0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Total number of weeds, weed control index followed the same trend”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 995–1060 · show in text ↑

t0
“Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–82 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize yield was higher (5305 kg/ha) with atrazine 50 WP 1.25 kg/ha followed by glyphosate 41SL 2.5 kg/ha.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: atrazine 50 WP 1.25 kg ha -1 fb glyphosate 41SL 2.5 kg ha -1e0
Outcome: maize yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 5305 kg ha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The higher maize yield was obtained with atrazine 50 WP 1.25 kg ha -1 fb glyphosate 41SL 2.5 kg ha -1 (5305 kg ha -1 )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1062–1180 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The weedy check had significantly lower maize yield (2342 kg/ha).

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: maize yielde0
Direction: lowere0
Value: 2342 kg ha -1e0
Qualifier: weedy checke0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“weedy check recorded significantly lower maize yield (2342 kg ha -1 )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1189–1258 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg/ha) followed by glyphosate 41SL (3.0 kg/ha) gave higher net returns (Rs 60702 per ha) than the rest of the treatments.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (3.0 kg ha -1 )e0
Outcome: net returnse0
Direction: highere0
Value: Rs 60702 ha -1e0
Comparator: rest of the treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (3.0 kg ha -1 ) resulted in higher net returns (Rs 60702 ha -1 ) and B: C (3.76) compared to rest of the treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1333–1499 · show in text ↑

t0
“Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–82 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg/ha) followed by glyphosate 41SL (3.0 kg/ha) gave a higher benefit:cost ratio (3.76) than the rest of the treatments.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (3.0 kg ha -1 )e0
Outcome: B: Ce0
Direction: highere0
Value: 3.76e0
Comparator: rest of the treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“atrazine 50 WP (1.25 kg ha -1 ) fb glyphosate 41SL (3.0 kg ha -1 ) resulted in higher net returns (Rs 60702 ha -1 ) and B: C (3.76) compared to rest of the treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1333–1499 · show in text ↑

t0
“Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–82 · show in text ↑

glyphosate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

77 papers: 42 positive, 35 negative or no effect

41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Early glyphosate at the three highest rates reduced corn yield by 22 to 78% on average.
Rice (Oryza sativa) and Corn (Zea mays) Response to Simulated Drift of Glyphosate and Glufosinate¹ · 2003
Opposite direction
negative
Weeds that emerged after the 5-cm glyphosate timing reduced soil moisture and grain yield at both locations.
Effect of Weed Removal Timing and Row Spacing on Soil Moisture in Corn (Zea mays) · 2006
Opposite direction
no effect
Cultivation after glyphosate did not affect corn yield.
Influence of Herbicide Application Rate, Timing, and Interrow Cultivation on Weed Control and Corn (Zea mays) Yield in Glufosinate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Resistant Corn · 1999
Opposite direction

73 papers more in this group

See all 77 papers →

atrazine · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

202 papers: 197 positive, 5 negative or no effect

196 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

negative
Reducing atrazine and metolachlor to one-fourth the rate in the absence of cover crop reduced weed control in three of four years compared with the standard treatment.
Reduced-Herbicide Weed Management Systems for No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays) in a Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop · 1993 · compared with the standard treatment
Opposite direction
negative
Early preplant atrazine and/or metolachlor gave reduced late season weed control in no till corn compared with preemergence or sequential application.
Early Preplant Atrazine and Metolachlor in Conservation Tillage Corn (Zea mays) · 1991 · compared with preemergence and early preplant/preemergence sequential treatments
Opposite direction
negative
Atrazine applied at 21 DAS failed to control the weeds satisfactorily.
Atrazine as Post-emergence Herbicide for Weed Control in Maize (Zea mays L.) · 1994
Opposite direction

198 papers more in this group

See all 202 papers →

atrazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

240 papers: 205 positive, 35 negative or no effect

204 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Tembotrione plus Atrazine at 20 DAS gave number of grains/cob of 388 compared with hand weeding at 30 DAS.
Impact of frontline demonstration on weed management on yield and economics of maize in coastal belt of Odisha · 2025 · compared with hand weeding at 30 DAS
Same directionCites this paper
negative
Corn grain yield fell 39% in year five where atrazine had been discontinued.
Weed Seed Decline in Irrigated Soil after Six Years of Continuous Corn(Zea mays)and Herbicides · 1984
Opposite direction
no effect
Sweet corn yields at Blackville and Tifton were similar between the half and full rates of atrazine plus S-metolachlor after wild radish or rye cover crops.
Use of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and Rye Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Sweet Corn · 2008
Opposite direction

236 papers more in this group

See all 240 papers →

glyphosate · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

41 papers: 33 positive, 8 negative or no effect

32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Weed densities were greater under the minimum treatment than under the IWM or conventional treatments in all crops.
Evaluation of alternative weed management systems in a modified no-tillage corn–soybean–winter wheat rotation: weed densities, crop yield, and economics · 2002 · compared with IWM or conventional treatment
Opposite direction
negative
Glyphosate alone reduced weed control in crimson clover.
Control of Legume Cover Crops in No-Till Corn (Zea mays) and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) · 1990
Opposite direction
no effect
Adding Crop Booster to glyphosate did not affect weed control or corn yield in the main comparison.
Effect of Biostimulants Added to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn, Oats and Winter Wheat · 2015
Opposite direction

37 papers more in this group

See all 41 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 7

The same questions in other papers

glyphosate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

atrazine · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

atrazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

glyphosate · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results