Abstract
G erhards R, G utjahr C, W eis M, K eller M, S ökefeld M, M öhring J & P iepho HP (2011). Using precision farming technology to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and herbicide application. Weed Research 52 , 6–15. Summary Field experiments using precision farming technology and Geographic Information Systems, following a so‐called Precision Experimental Design, were conducted in maize, winter barley and winter wheat and compared with two randomised plot experiments in maize to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and weed control. Fields were divided into cells, and weed densities for all weed species, soil conductivity and grain yield were measured in each cell. Untreated plots and herbicide treatments against grass weeds or broad‐leaved weeds were included in all three experiments. Chenopodium album , Polygonum spp. and Echinochloa crus‐galli were the dominating weed species in maize. Stellaria media , Veronica hederifolia , Matricaria chamomilla , Alopecurus myosuroides and Galium aparine were the most abundant weed species in the winter barley and winter wheat fields. All species were distributed heterogeneously within the fields with densities ranging from 0 to more than 200 plants m −2 . In the Precision Experimental Design, it was found that grass‐weed competition and herbicide application had a significant effect on grain yield, using a linear mixed model with spatial correlation structure to determine the effects of groups of weed species, soil variability and herbicide application on grain yield separately. When a conventional plot experiment was set up in the same field, no statistically significant grain yield difference between the treatments was found. The results highlight the benefits of Precision Experimental Design for studying weed–crop competition. Data can be used to calculate yield loss functions for groups of weed species and to create a decision support system for site‐specific weed control.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Three weed taxa dominated the maize field.
- Interactor
- Chenopodium album
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- dominating weed speciese0
- Qualifier
- Polygonum spp. and Echinochloa crus‐gallie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chenopodium album , Polygonum spp. and Echinochloa crus‐galli were the dominating weed species in maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five weed taxa were most abundant in winter barley and wheat fields.
- Taxon
- winter barley and winter wheat
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Stellaria media
Stellaria mediae0weed - Outcome
- most abundant weed speciese0
- Qualifier
- Veronica hederifolia , Matricaria chamomilla , Alopecurus myosuroides and Galium aparinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Stellaria media , Veronica hederifolia , Matricaria chamomilla , Alopecurus myosuroides and Galium aparine were the most abundant weed species in the winter barley and winter wheat fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed species were heterogeneously distributed, at densities from zero to over 200 plants per square metre.
- Taxon
- maize, winter barley and winter wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivum
Zea mayst0 - Outcome
- distributed heterogeneously within the fieldse0
- Value
- 0 to more than 200 plants m −2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All species were distributed heterogeneously within the fields with densities ranging from 0 to more than 200 plants m −2 .”
t0“conducted in maize, winter barley and winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass-weed competition significantly affected grain yield in the precision design.
- Taxon
- maize, winter barley and winter wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Interactor
- grass‐weede0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grass‐weed competition and herbicide application had a significant effect on grain yield”
t0“conducted in maize, winter barley and winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application significantly affected grain yield in the precision design.
- Taxon
- maize, winter barley and winter wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grass‐weed competition and herbicide application had a significant effect on grain yield”
t0“conducted in maize, winter barley and winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The conventional plot experiment found no significant grain-yield difference between treatments.
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yield differencee0
- Direction
- noe0
- Comparator
- between the treatmentse0
- Setting
- same fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a conventional plot experiment was set up in the same field, no statistically significant grain yield difference between the treatments was found.”
t0“plot experiments in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found precision design useful for studying weed–crop competition.
- Taxon
- maize, winter barley and winter wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Outcome
- benefits of Precision Experimental Design for studying weed–crop competitione0
- Comparator
- weed–crop competitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results highlight the benefits of Precision Experimental Design for studying weed–crop competition.”
t0“conducted in maize, winter barley and winter wheat”