Abstract
Vectors of the rice waika virus (RWV) was specific to the genus Nephotettix leafhoppers : N. cincticeps UHLER, N. virescens DISTANT, N. nigropictus STAL, and N. malayanus ISHIHARA et KAWASE. There was no essential difference in the rate of active transmitters among the nine local colonies of N. cincticeps over the west of Japan. The 1st-instar nymph was slightly less efficient in transmission than the mid- and late-instar nymphs. There was no difference in transmission efficiency between sexes and among adults up to 15 days old but a slight decrease in efficiency in adults 20 days after emergence. Mid- and late-instar nymphs and adults transmitted the RWV with equal efficiency. Transmission efficiency increased proportionally with an increase in acquisition feeding periods. The retention period in the insects decreased rapidly within a few days after termination of the acquisition feed. The leafhoppers transmitted the RWV in a semipersistent manner, and could be arranged comparatively in a descending order of transmission efficiency as follows : N. virescens≥N. malayanus > N. cincticeps > N. nigropictus. However, N. cincticeps is one of the most important vectors of RWV because of its predominance in the disease epidemic area.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rice waika virus vectors were specific to the genus Nephotettix leafhoppers.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- Nephotettix
Nephotettixe1pest - Second interactor
- rice waika viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- Vectors of the rice waika viruse1
- Qualifier
- specific to the genus Nephotettix leafhopperse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e1“Vectors of the rice waika virus (RWV) was specific to the genus Nephotettix leafhoppers”
Claim · model-written summary
No essential difference in the rate of active transmitters was found among nine local colonies of N. cincticeps in western Japan.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- N. cincticepsNephotettix cincticepse2pest
- Outcome
- rate of active transmitterse2
- Direction
- no essential differencee2
- Qualifier
- nine local coloniese2
- Setting
- west of Japane2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e2“There was no essential difference in the rate of active transmitters among the nine local colonies of N. cincticeps over the west of Japan”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1st-instar nymph was slightly less efficient in transmission than mid- and late-instar nymphs.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 1st-instar nymphe3
- Outcome
- transmissione3
- Direction
- less efficiente3
- Comparator
- mid- and late-instar nymphse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e3“The 1st-instar nymph was slightly less efficient in transmission than the mid- and late-instar nymphs”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no difference in transmission efficiency between sexes of the leafhoppers.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- transmission efficiencye4
- Direction
- no differencee4
- Qualifier
- adults up to 15 days olde4
- Comparator
- sexese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e4“There was no difference in transmission efficiency between sexes and among adults up to 15 days old”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmission efficiency decreased slightly in adults 20 days after emergence.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- adults 20 days after emergencee1
- Outcome
- efficiencye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e1“a slight decrease in efficiency in adults 20 days after emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid- and late-instar nymphs and adults transmitted the virus with equal efficiency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Mid- and late-instar nymphse5
- Outcome
- efficiencye5
- Direction
- equale5
- Comparator
- adultse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e5“Mid- and late-instar nymphs and adults transmitted the RWV with equal efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmission efficiency increased proportionally with the acquisition feeding period.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- acquisition feeding periodse6
- Outcome
- Transmission efficiencye6
- Direction
- increased proportionallye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e6“Transmission efficiency increased proportionally with an increase in acquisition feeding periods”
Claim · model-written summary
The retention period of the virus in the insects decreased rapidly within a few days after the acquisition feed ended.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- termination of the acquisition feede7
- Outcome
- retention periode7
- Direction
- decreased rapidlye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e7“The retention period in the insects decreased rapidly within a few days after termination of the acquisition feed”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafhoppers transmitted the rice waika virus in a semipersistent manner.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- leafhoppersCicadellidaee2pest
- Second interactor
- RWVe2pathogen
- Outcome
- semipersistent mannere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e2“The leafhoppers transmitted the RWV in a semipersistent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmission efficiency was highest for N. virescens and lowest for N. nigropictus among the four vector species.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- N. virescens
_UGA5190052.jpg?width=60)
Nephotettix virescense2pest - Outcome
- transmission efficiencye2
- Direction
- descendinge2
- Comparator
- N. nigropictuse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_UGA5190052.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e2“could be arranged comparatively in a descending order of transmission efficiency as follows : N. virescens≥N. malayanus > N. cincticeps > N. nigropictus”
Claim · model-written summary
N. cincticeps is one of the most important vectors of rice waika virus because it predominates in the disease epidemic area.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- N. cincticepsNephotettix cincticepse2pest
- Second interactor
- RWVe2pathogen
- Outcome
- one of the most important vectorse2
- Qualifier
- predominance in the disease epidemic areae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transmission Efficiency of Rice Waika Virus”
e2“However, N. cincticeps is one of the most important vectors of RWV because of its predominance in the disease epidemic area”