Abstract
Improving crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important to reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture, for both perennial and annual crops. This study tested winter wheat breeding lines developed in organic and conventional systems, historic wheat varieties and perennial wheat under organic management. There were significant differences among selection categories and among genotypes. However, standard methods of measuring NUE may not be appropriate when the breeding objectives are to reduce N use. Alternative methods of evaluating breeding materials, including regression analysis of grain protein deviation (GPD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were explored. GPD was not found to discriminate well between genotypes in this study, but PCA showed promise in examining the relationship among measured variables and among genotypes.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Selection categories and genotypes differed significantly.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- differences among selection categories and among genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“There were significant differences among selection categories and among genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein deviation did not discriminate well between genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- discriminate well between genotypese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“GPD was not found to discriminate well between genotypes in this study”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA showed promise for examining relationships among measured variables and genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- examining the relationship among measured variables and among genotypese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“PCA showed promise in examining the relationship among measured variables and among genotypes”