Abstract
To study the effect of tillage and weed control methods on weed seed bank and composition of weed flora in maize (Zea mays L.), a field experiment was conducted at CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during Kharif seasons of 2002 and 2003. The weed seed bank study revealed that while raised seedbed resulted in lowest number of seeds of D. sanguinalis, E. colona and P. dichotomiflorum at 0–10 cm depth, their population was reduced to a lowest level by zero tillage at 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm soil depths. However, lowest number of C. benghalensis seeds was recorded in zero tillage at all the soil depths. Dynamics of weed flora followed the trend of weed seed distribution in the soil and resulted in significantly lowest population and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona and B. ramosa in raised seedbed and of C. benghalensis in zero tillage plots. Conventional tillage was the next best in significantly reducing the population and dry matter of D. sanguinalis and C. benghalensis, thereby being statistically at par with raised seedbed significantly increased the grain yield of the maize. Atrazine 1.5 kg ha−1 being at par with acetachlor 1.25 kg ha1 resulted in significantly lower count and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona, Commelina benghalensis and other weeds. Aceatchlore 1.25 kg ha−1 gave complete control of B. ramosa. Consequently, atrazine and acetachlor increased the grain yield of maize by 75.2 and 71.7 per cent, respectively over unweeded check.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Raised seedbeds had the lowest D. sanguinalis, E. colona and P. dichotomiflorum seed counts at 0–10 cm.
- Treatment
- raised seedbede0
- Interactor
- D. sanguinalise0weed
- Outcome
- number of seeds of D. sanguinalis, E. colona and P. dichotomiflorume0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 0–10 cm depthe0
Zea maysNot reportedOrgan / stageComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raised seedbed resulted in lowest number of seeds of D. sanguinalis, E. colona and P. dichotomiflorum at 0–10 cm depth”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage reduced D. sanguinalis, E. colona and P. dichotomiflorum seeds most at 10–30 cm.
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm soil depthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their population was reduced to a lowest level by zero tillage at 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm soil depths”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage had the lowest C. benghalensis seed counts at every soil depth.
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Interactor
- C. benghalensis
Commelina benghalensise0weed - Outcome
- number of C. benghalensis seedse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- all the soil depthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest number of C. benghalensis seeds was recorded in zero tillage at all the soil depths”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised seedbeds had the lowest D. sanguinalis, E. colona and B. ramosa populations and dry matter.
- Treatment
- raised seedbede0
- Interactor
- D. sanguinalise0weed
- Outcome
- population and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona and B. ramosae0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lowest population and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona and B. ramosa in raised seedbed”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage had the lowest C. benghalensis population and dry matter.
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Interactor
- C. benghalensisCommelina benghalensise0weed
- Outcome
- population and dry mattere0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lowest population and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona and B. ramosa in raised seedbed and of C. benghalensis in zero tillage plots”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage significantly reduced D. sanguinalis and C. benghalensis population and dry matter.
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee0
- Interactor
- D. sanguinalise0weed
- Outcome
- population and dry matter of D. sanguinalis and C. benghalensise0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage was the next best in significantly reducing the population and dry matter of D. sanguinalis and C. benghalensis”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised seedbed significantly increased maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raised seedbed significantly increased the grain yield of the maize”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine significantly lowered weed count and dry matter.
- Treatment
- Atrazine 1.5 kg ha−1e0
- Interactor
- D. sanguinalise0weed
- Outcome
- count and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona, Commelina benghalensis and other weedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- acetachlor 1.25 kg ha1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Atrazine 1.5 kg ha−1 being at par with acetachlor 1.25 kg ha1 resulted in significantly lower count and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona, Commelina benghalensis and other weeds”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetachlor significantly lowered weed count and dry matter.
- Treatment
- acetachlor 1.25 kg ha1e0
- Interactor
- D. sanguinalise0weed
- Outcome
- count and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona, Commelina benghalensis and other weedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Atrazine 1.5 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Atrazine 1.5 kg ha−1 being at par with acetachlor 1.25 kg ha1 resulted in significantly lower count and dry matter of D. sanguinalis, E. colona, Commelina benghalensis and other weeds”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetachlor completely controlled B. ramosa.
- Treatment
- Aceatchlore 1.25 kg ha−1e0
- Interactor
- B. ramosae0weed
- Outcome
- control of B. ramosae0
- Direction
- completee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aceatchlore 1.25 kg ha−1 gave complete control of B. ramosa”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine increased maize grain yield by 75.2 per cent over unweeded check.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine and acetachlor increased the grain yield of maize by 75.2 and 71.7 per cent, respectively over unweeded check”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetachlor increased maize grain yield by 71.7 per cent over unweeded check.
- Treatment
- acetachlore0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 71.7 per cente0
- Comparator
- unweeded checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine and acetachlor increased the grain yield of maize by 75.2 and 71.7 per cent, respectively over unweeded check”
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27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.