Abstract
During early stages of infestation by Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia [Mordvilko]; RWAs), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf cells collapsed and showed autofluorescence in the mesophyll and bundle sheath adjacent to the RWA stylet sheath. The response was visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death response, typical of resistance to microbial pathogens. Resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (CAC) than did susceptible barley. RWA stylet entry sites and sheath paths also fluoresced, making them easy to observe in whole leaf sections. The number of CAC increased with the number of RWAs and with the number of days of feeding in resistant plants. The CAC could be observed 1 d following infestation, making this the most rapid plant response toward the RWAs known to date. The response may be useful in screening for resistant plants and may provide insight into resistance mechanisms in barley.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Russian wheat aphid infestation caused barley leaf cells to collapse and autofluoresce in the mesophyll and bundle sheath adjacent to the stylet sheath in early infestation.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaree1 - Organ / stage
- mesophyll and bundle sheathe1
- Treatment
- infestation by Russian wheat aphidse1
- Interactor
- Russian wheat aphids
Diuraphis noxiae1pest - Outcome
- leaf cells collapsed and showed autofluorescencee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“During early stages of infestation by Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia [Mordvilko]; RWAs), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf cells collapsed and showed autofluorescence in the mesophyll and bundle sheath adjacent to the RWA stylet sheath”
Claim · model-written summary
The collapsed autofluorescent barley cell response was visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death response.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death responsee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e2“The response was visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death response, typical of resistance to microbial pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Stylet entry sites and sheath paths of the Russian wheat aphid fluoresced in barley leaves, making them easy to observe in whole leaf sections.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Interactor
- RWAe3pest
- Outcome
- RWA stylet entry sites and sheath paths also fluorescede3
- Qualifier
- easy to observe in whole leaf sectionse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e3“RWA stylet entry sites and sheath paths also fluoresced, making them easy to observe in whole leaf sections”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells than susceptible barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Outcome
- collapsed, autofluorescent cells (CAC)e4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- susceptible barleye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (CAC) than did susceptible barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of collapsed autofluorescent cells increased with the number of Russian wheat aphids in resistant barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- number of RWAse5
- Interactor
- RWAse5pest
- Outcome
- number of CACe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (CAC) than did susceptible barley”
e5“The number of CAC increased with the number of RWAs and with the number of days of feeding in resistant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of collapsed autofluorescent cells increased with the number of days of feeding in resistant barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- number of days of feedinge5
- Outcome
- number of CACe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (CAC) than did susceptible barley”
e5“The number of CAC increased with the number of RWAs and with the number of days of feeding in resistant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Collapsed autofluorescent cells could be observed 1 day after infestation, the most rapid barley response to the aphids known to date.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Interactor
- RWAse7pest
- Outcome
- CAC could be observede7
- Value
- 1 de7
- Qualifier
- the most rapid plant response toward the RWAs known to datee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (CAC) than did susceptible barley”
e7“The CAC could be observed 1 d following infestation, making this the most rapid plant response toward the RWAs known to date”
Claim · model-written summary
The response may be useful for screening barley for resistant plants.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- useful in screening for resistant plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response may be useful in screening for resistant plants”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”