Abstract
Jungle babbler (Turdoides striatus), a widely spread sub-tropical insectivorous passerine is considered beneficial to agro-ecosystem, as they devour voraciously on insect matter especially Helicoverpa armigera, the gram pod borer, a notorious pest infesting and causing heavy loses to crops like pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) which is a vital crop of semi-arid tropical and subtropical farming system, providing high quality vegetable protein. Helicoverpa is known to feed on flowers, pods, and seeds and is the most important biotic constraint affecting pigeon pea yields. Jungle babblers have a peculiar foraging style which helps expose the Helicoverpa larvae as well as pupae through various phenological stages of pigeon pea. For comparative assessment of their beneficial role and as a possible bio control agent, in Baroda city (State of Gaujarat), India, was studied, two crops of pigeon pea (insecticide treated and untreated (control) were selected. In both treated and control crops, the number of jungle babblers were maximum in pigeon pea fields during october and november in both small pod stage and large pod stage which had heavy infestation of Helicoverpa. Least number of birds was seen during the flowering stage in September. Later in treatment crop three applications of Dunnate and Monocrotophos insecticide spray was done after which the pest population decreased which is reflected in number of birds in the field, while the bird number in control crops grew since insecticide spray was not done and number of larvae increased with the stage of the crop. Along with the main crop pigeon pea, comparative study was also done to see the food preference by these birds in crops like sorghum, maize, cow pea and ploughed and unploughed fields. Maximum number of birds was seen in unploughed field and least in sorghum suggesting that Helicoverpa is preferred food over sorghum grains thus pigeon pea and sorghum can be used as mixed crops to protect the crop from heavy losses. This work investigates the interactions among pigeon pea, its key pest, and their natural enemies. These relationships have implications on the pest status of individual species and on possible control strategies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Jungle babblers were most numerous in pigeon pea during October and November at small and large pod stages.
- Taxon
- pigeon pea
Cajanus cajane0 - Organ / stage
- small pod stage and large pod stagee0
- Interactor
- jungle babblers
.jpg?width=60)
Argya striatae0other - Outcome
- number of jungle babblerse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- october and novembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In both treated and control crops, the number of jungle babblers were maximum in pigeon pea fields during october and november in both small pod stage and large pod stage which had heavy infestation of Helicoverpa”
Claim · model-written summary
Jungle babblers were least numerous during flowering in September.
- Taxon
- pigeon peaCajanus cajant0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Interactor
- jungle babblerArgya striatat0other
- Outcome
- number of birdse0
- Direction
- Leaste0
- Qualifier
- Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Least number of birds was seen during the flowering stage in September”
t0“jungle babbler (Turdoides striatus) predation, on Helicoverpa armigera infesting pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide applications reduced the pest population in pigeon pea.
- Taxon
- pigeon peaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- three applications of Dunnate and Monocrotophos insecticide spraye0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerat0pest - Outcome
- pest populatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in treatment crop three applications of Dunnate and Monocrotophos insecticide spray was done after which the pest population decreased”
t0“Helicoverpa armigera infesting pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Bird numbers decreased after the insecticide-associated pest decline.
- Taxon
- pigeon peaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- pest population decreasede0
- Interactor
- jungle babblerArgya striatat0other
- Outcome
- number of birds in the fielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after which the pest population decreased which is reflected in number of birds in the field”
t0“jungle babbler (Turdoides striatus) predation, on Helicoverpa armigera infesting pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Bird numbers grew in the unsprayed control crop as larvae increased.
- Taxon
- pigeon peaCajanus cajant0
- Interactor
- jungle babblerArgya striatat0other
- Outcome
- bird numbere0
- Direction
- grewe0
- Setting
- control cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bird number in control crops grew since insecticide spray was not done and number of larvae increased with the stage of the crop”
t0“jungle babbler (Turdoides striatus) predation, on Helicoverpa armigera infesting pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Bird numbers were highest in unploughed fields.
- Taxon
- jungle babblerArgya striatat0
- Outcome
- number of birdse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Setting
- unploughed fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of birds was seen in unploughed field and least in sorghum”
t0“jungle babbler”
Claim · model-written summary
Bird numbers were lowest in sorghum.
- Interactor
- jungle babblerArgya striatat0other
- Outcome
- number of birdse0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Setting
- sorghume0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of birds was seen in unploughed field and least in sorghum”
t0“jungle babbler”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest mixed pigeon pea and sorghum cropping to protect crops from losses.
- Taxon
- pigeon peaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- pigeon pea and sorghume0
- Outcome
- mixed crops to protect the crop from heavy lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea and sorghum can be used as mixed crops to protect the crop from heavy losses”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · Helicoverpa armigera · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · Helicoverpa armigera · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.