Abstract
BACKGROUND: WRKY proteins are newly identified transcription factors involved in many plant processes including plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, genes encoding WRKY proteins have been identified only from plants. Comprehensive search for WRKY genes in non-plant organisms and phylogenetic analysis would provide invaluable information about the origin and expansion of the WRKY family. RESULTS: We searched all publicly available sequence data for WRKY genes. A single copy of the WRKY gene encoding two WRKY domains was identified from Giardia lamblia, a primitive eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum, a slime mold closely related to the lineage of animals and fungi, and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an early branching of plants. This ancestral WRKY gene seems to have duplicated many times during the evolution of plants, resulting in a large family in evolutionarily advanced flowering plants. In rice, the WRKY gene family consists of over 100 members. Analyses suggest that the C-terminal domain of the two-WRKY-domain encoding gene appears to be the ancestor of the single-WRKY-domain encoding genes, and that the WRKY domains may be phylogenetically classified into five groups. We propose a model to explain the WRKY family's origin in eukaryotes and expansion in plants. CONCLUSIONS: WRKY genes seem to have originated in early eukaryotes and greatly expanded in plants. The elucidation of the evolution and duplicative expansion of the WRKY genes should provide valuable information on their functions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A single two-domain WRKY gene was identified in Giardia lamblia.
- Taxon
- Giardia lamblia
Giardia duodenalise0 - Gene
- WRKY genee0
- Outcome
- single copye0
- Value
- two WRKY domainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single copy of the WRKY gene encoding two WRKY domains was identified from Giardia lamblia”
Claim · model-written summary
A single two-domain WRKY gene was identified in Dictyostelium discoideum.
- Taxon
- Dictyostelium discoideum
Dictyostelium discoideume0 - Gene
- WRKY genee0
- Outcome
- single copye0
- Value
- two WRKY domainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single copy of the WRKY gene encoding two WRKY domains was identified from Giardia lamblia, a primitive eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum”
Claim · model-written summary
A single two-domain WRKY gene was identified in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
- Taxon
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas reinhardtiie0 - Gene
- WRKY genee0
- Outcome
- single copye0
- Value
- two WRKY domainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single copy of the WRKY gene encoding two WRKY domains was identified from Giardia lamblia, a primitive eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum, a slime mold closely related to the lineage of animals and fungi, and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii”
Claim · model-written summary
The ancestral WRKY gene appears to have duplicated many times in plant evolution.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Gene
- WRKY genee0
- Outcome
- duplicated many timese0
Verbatim
e0“This ancestral WRKY gene seems to have duplicated many times during the evolution of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice has over 100 WRKY gene family members.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Gene
- WRKY genee0
- Outcome
- WRKY gene familye0
- Value
- over 100 memberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, the WRKY gene family consists of over 100 members”
Claim · model-written summary
The C-terminal domain was inferred as ancestor of single-domain WRKY genes.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Gene
- WRKY-domain encoding genee0
- Outcome
- ancestor of the single-WRKY-domain encoding genese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the C-terminal domain of the two-WRKY-domain encoding gene appears to be the ancestor of the single-WRKY-domain encoding genes”
t0“plants”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY domains were classified phylogenetically into five groups.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Gene
- WRKY domainse0
- Outcome
- phylogenetically classified into five groupse0
- Value
- five groupse0
Verbatim
e0“the WRKY domains may be phylogenetically classified into five groups”
t0“plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed a model for WRKY origins in eukaryotes and expansion in plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- WRKY family's origin in eukaryotes and expansion in plantse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“We propose a model to explain the WRKY family's origin in eukaryotes and expansion in plants”