Abstract
A study was made with the use of a 50-year old Altingia excelsa Noronha plantation with 260 standing trees for separating components of density and intraspecific competition. A component of density effect causes overall decrease in growth while that of competition results in a contrasting effect in growth between any pair of neighboring trees. To detect this density effect, it is most appropriate to use an area of ca. 100 m2 irrespective of the experimental area, e.g. circular or quadratic. Competition effect cannot be detected when two individuals are apart more than two meters. An application of the density and competitive ability to tree breeding is briefly mentioned.
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Claims 2
Claim · model-written summary
To detect the density effect among Altingia excelsa trees, it is most appropriate to use an area of about 100 m2.
- Taxon
- ALTINGIA EXCELSA
Liquidambar excelsat0 - Outcome
- density effecte0
- Value
- ca. 100 m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“ALTINGIA EXCELSA”
e0“To detect this density effect, it is most appropriate to use an area of ca. 100 m2”
Claim · model-written summary
The competition effect cannot be detected when two individual trees are more than two meters apart.
- Taxon
- ALTINGIA EXCELSA
Liquidambar excelsat0 - Outcome
- Competition effecte0
- Qualifier
- apart more than two meterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“ALTINGIA EXCELSA”
e0“Competition effect cannot be detected when two individuals are apart more than two meters”