Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to examine the association between cattle slurry application and abundant Rumex obtusifolius populations in grassland. In Experi ment 1, the viability of R. obtusifolius seed, collected between June and November 1993 was assessed after being subjected to (i) 100 days in silage (pH 4), (ii) 72 h rumen fermentation and (iii) 100 days in cattle slurry. In Experiment 2, the emer gence of R. obtusifolius seedlings in gaps (5 cm2 to 30 cm2) in a pasture sward, created either in autumn or in spring by (i) applications of cattle slurry, (ii) physical destruction of the sward canopy or (iii) applications of artificial urine solution, was examined. Seeds collected in early June failed to germinate while those collected in late June had a 10% rate of germination and this increased to 85% for seed collected in early August, with no further increase with later harvests (mean 67.2%). Seeds were non-viable following ensiling, while those stored in cattle slurry were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected (mean 64.9%) and those which were subjected to rumen fermentation showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the viability (mean 24.9%). In Experiment 2, autumn applied cattle slurry favoured the establishment of /?. obtusifolius seedlings (1 to 2 seedlings per gap) in grassland. The association between cattle slurry and R. obtusifolius populations in grassland is probably due more to favoured establishment of seedlings following application of slurry rather than dispersal of seed within the slurry.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Early June Rumex seeds failed to germinate.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifolius
Rumex obtusifoliust0 - Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Outcome
- failed to germinatee0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds collected in early June failed to germinate”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Late June Rumex seeds germinated at 10%.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- late Junee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those collected in late June had a 10% rate of germination”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rumex seed germination increased to 85% by early August.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Outcome
- seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 85%e0
- Qualifier
- early Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this increased to 85% for seed collected in early August”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Later Rumex seed harvests had no further increase in germination.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- no further increasee0
- Value
- 67.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with no further increase with later harvests (mean 67.2%)”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rumex seeds were non-viable after ensiling.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Treatment
- ensilinge0
- Outcome
- non-viablee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds were non-viable following ensiling”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage in cattle slurry did not significantly affect Rumex seed viability.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Treatment
- stored in cattle slurrye0
- Outcome
- affectede0
- Value
- 64.9%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those stored in cattle slurry were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected (mean 64.9%)”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rumen fermentation significantly reduced Rumex seed viability to a mean of 24.9%.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Treatment
- rumen fermentatione0
- Outcome
- viabilitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 24.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those which were subjected to rumen fermentation showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the viability (mean 24.9%)”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn cattle slurry application favored Rumex seedling establishment at one to two seedlings per gap.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Treatment
- autumn applied cattle slurrye0
- Outcome
- establishment of /?. obtusifolius seedlingse0
- Direction
- favourede0
- Value
- 1 to 2 seedlings per gape0
- Setting
- grasslande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“autumn applied cattle slurry favoured the establishment of /?. obtusifolius seedlings (1 to 2 seedlings per gap) in grassland”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed the slurry association more to favored establishment than seed dispersal.
- Taxon
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliust0
- Outcome
- R. obtusifolius populationse0
- Qualifier
- favoured establishment of seedlings following application of slurry rather than dispersal of seed within the slurrye0
- Setting
- grasslande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The association between cattle slurry and R. obtusifolius populations in grassland is probably due more to favoured establishment of seedlings following application of slurry rather than dispersal of seed within the slurry”
t0“Rumex obtusifolius seed”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Rumex obtusifolius (bitter dock)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
processing · growth · Rumex obtusifolius (bitter dock)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.