Abstract
Determining links between plant defence strategies is important to understand plant evolution and to optimize crop breeding strategies. Although several examples of synergies and trade-offs between defence traits are known for plants that are under attack by multiple organisms, few studies have attempted to measure correlations of defensive strategies using specific single attackers. Such links are hard to detect in natural populations because they are inherently confounded by the evolutionary history of different ecotypes. We therefore used a range of 20 maize inbred lines with considerable differences in resistance traits to determine if correlations exist between leaf and root resistance against pathogens and insects. Aboveground resistance against insects was positively correlated with the plant's capacity to produce volatiles in response to insect attack. Resistance to herbivores and resistance to a pathogen, on the other hand, were negatively correlated. Our results also give first insights into the intraspecific variability of root volatiles release in maize and its positive correlation with leaf volatile production. We show that the breeding history of the different genotypes (dent versus flint) has influenced several defensive parameters. Taken together, our study demonstrates the importance of genetically determined synergies and trade-offs for plant resistance against insects and pathogens.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground insect resistance correlated positively with induced volatile production in maize.
- Outcome
- Aboveground resistance against insectse0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- capacity to produce volatiles in response to insect attacke0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aboveground resistance against insects was positively correlated with the plant's capacity to produce volatiles in response to insect attack.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to herbivores and to a pathogen correlated negatively in maize.
- Interactor
- herbivorese0herbivore
- Second interactor
- a pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- Resistance to herbivorese0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Comparator
- resistance to a pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance to herbivores and resistance to a pathogen, on the other hand, were negatively correlated.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root volatile release varied within maize.
- Outcome
- intraspecific variability of root volatiles releasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results also give first insights into the intraspecific variability of root volatiles release in maize and its positive correlation with leaf volatile production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root volatile release correlated positively with leaf volatile production in maize.
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- root volatiles releasee0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- leaf volatile productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results also give first insights into the intraspecific variability of root volatiles release in maize and its positive correlation with leaf volatile production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dent versus flint breeding history influenced several maize defensive parameters.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We show that the breeding history of the different genotypes (dent versus flint) has influenced several defensive parameters.”
t0“maize”