Abstract
In this paper we summarize the results of studies aimed at investigating the relationships between fungal diseases and mites occurring in European vineyards. Most of the data originated from observations carried out in commercial and experimental vineyards in north-eastern Italy. Grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, and grape powdery mildew, Uncinula necator, are the most significant grape diseases in several viticultural areas in Europe and throughout the world. The spread of downy mildew in European vineyards may increase the abundance of some species of Phytoseiidae and Tydeidae. Amblyseius andersoni responded clearly to the spread of downy mildew symptoms, an effect also observed, but at lower magnitudes, for Typhlodromus pyri and Kampimodromus aberrans. The beneficial effect of downy mildew on the survival, development and reproduction of phytoseiids and tydeids has a clear impact on their population dynamics. Downy mildew effects varied among phytoseiids, being more relevant for A. andersoni than for T. pyri. These interactions may have implications for IPM because T. pyri is more effective than A. andersoni in controlling phytophagous mites in vineyards. The role of powdery mildew as a food source for A. andersoni and T. pyri was less pronounced than that of downy mildew. The capacity of generalist predatory mites to persist in perennial ecosystems contributes to the successful biological control of phytophagous mites. In vineyards, the persistence of generalist predators in the absence of prey may be improved by their feeding on various food sources. Pollen is probably the most important food source in spring and early summer, whereas mildews increase in importance in late summer. Predatory mite persistence is largely affected by pesticide use. The results of our studies showed that downy mildew availability mediates the effects of fungicides on predatory mites because it represents an alternative food for them. Moreover, downy mildew can enhance the recovery of predatory mite populations after pesticide applications.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew spread may increase Phytoseiidae abundance in European vineyards.
- Taxon
- PhytoseiidaePhytoseiidaee0
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- abundancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- maye0
- Setting
- European vineyardse0
Verbatim
e0“The spread of downy mildew in European vineyards may increase the abundance of some species of Phytoseiidae and Tydeidae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew spread may increase Tydeidae abundance in European vineyards.
Verbatim
e0“The spread of downy mildew in European vineyards may increase the abundance of some species of Phytoseiidae and Tydeidae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Amblyseius andersoni responded clearly to downy mildew spread.
- Taxon
- Amblyseius andersoniAmblyseius andersonie0
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- responded clearlye0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Amblyseius andersoni responded clearly to the spread of downy mildew symptoms, an effect also observed, but at lower magnitudes, for Typhlodromus pyri and Kampimodromus aberrans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Typhlodromus pyri responded to downy mildew at lower magnitude than Amblyseius andersoni.
- Taxon
- Typhlodromus pyriTyphlodromus pyrie0
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Amblyseius andersonie0
Verbatim
e0“Amblyseius andersoni responded clearly to the spread of downy mildew symptoms, an effect also observed, but at lower magnitudes, for Typhlodromus pyri and Kampimodromus aberrans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kampimodromus aberrans responded to downy mildew at lower magnitude than Amblyseius andersoni.
- Taxon
- Kampimodromus aberransKampimodromus aberranse0
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Amblyseius andersonie0
Verbatim
e0“Amblyseius andersoni responded clearly to the spread of downy mildew symptoms, an effect also observed, but at lower magnitudes, for Typhlodromus pyri and Kampimodromus aberrans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew benefits phytoseiid survival, development and reproduction and thereby their population dynamics.
- Taxon
- phytoseiidse0
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- survival, development and reproductione0
- Qualifier
- clear impact on their population dynamicse0
Verbatim
e0“The beneficial effect of downy mildew on the survival, development and reproduction of phytoseiids and tydeids has a clear impact on their population dynamics.”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew benefits tydeid survival, development and reproduction and thereby their population dynamics.
- Taxon
- tydeidse0
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- survival, development and reproductione0
- Qualifier
- clear impact on their population dynamicse0
Verbatim
e0“The beneficial effect of downy mildew on the survival, development and reproduction of phytoseiids and tydeids has a clear impact on their population dynamics.”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew effects were more relevant for A. andersoni than T. pyri.
- Taxon
- A. andersoniAmblyseius andersonie0
- Interactor
- Downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- more relevante0
- Comparator
- T. pyrie0
Verbatim
e0“Downy mildew effects varied among phytoseiids, being more relevant for A. andersoni than for T. pyri.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. pyri controls phytophagous mites more effectively than A. andersoni in vineyards.
Verbatim
e0“T. pyri is more effective than A. andersoni in controlling phytophagous mites in vineyards.”
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew was a less pronounced food source than downy mildew for A. andersoni.
Verbatim
e0“The role of powdery mildew as a food source for A. andersoni and T. pyri was less pronounced than that of downy mildew.”
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew was a less pronounced food source than downy mildew for T. pyri.
Verbatim
e0“The role of powdery mildew as a food source for A. andersoni and T. pyri was less pronounced than that of downy mildew.”
Claim · model-written summary
Persistence of generalist predatory mites in perennial ecosystems contributes to biological control of phytophagous mites.
Verbatim
e0“The capacity of generalist predatory mites to persist in perennial ecosystems contributes to the successful biological control of phytophagous mites.”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on various foods may improve predator persistence in vineyards without prey.
Verbatim
e0“In vineyards, the persistence of generalist predators in the absence of prey may be improved by their feeding on various food sources.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen is probably the most important food source in spring and early summer.
Verbatim
e0“Pollen is probably the most important food source in spring and early summer, whereas mildews increase in importance in late summer.”
e1“generalist predators in the absence of prey”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildews increase in importance as food in late summer.
Verbatim
e0“Pollen is probably the most important food source in spring and early summer, whereas mildews increase in importance in late summer.”
e1“generalist predators in the absence of prey”
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticide use largely affects predatory mite persistence.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Predatory mite persistence is largely affected by pesticide use.”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew availability mediates fungicide effects on predatory mites by providing alternative food.
- Taxon
- predatory mitese0
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0other
- Outcome
- effects of fungicidese0
- Qualifier
- alternative foode0
Verbatim
e0“The results of our studies showed that downy mildew availability mediates the effects of fungicides on predatory mites because it represents an alternative food for them.”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew can enhance predatory mite population recovery after pesticide applications.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, downy mildew can enhance the recovery of predatory mite populations after pesticide applications.”