Abstract
Abstract This 3‐year field study investigated the combined effect of floral resources and perennial shelter habitats (i.e. conservation strips), and crop rotation in supporting natural enemies of the cabbages root fly, D elia radicum . Habitat manipulation with conservation strips increased the overall catches of hymenopteran parasitoids. However, conservation strips did not increase parasitism by either of the two dominant parasitoid species, T rybliographa rapae and A leochara bipustulata , in any study year. In fact, higher parasitism was found in control plots in the second year. This could be explained by parasitoid mobility and higher patch detectability, as more plants in the control plots were infested with D . radicum larvae. Conservation strips did not result in increased predation of D . radicum eggs. However, the activity densities of two B embidion species were correlated with egg predation. The species assemblage distribution of epigeal predators was best explained by seasonal period, followed by year and, to a low extent, crop type, while treatment with conservation strips had no effect. However, during the egg laying peak of D . radicum , a higher number of A . bipustulata , an important larval predator was observed in conservation strips during one study year. In conclusion, positive effects of conservation strips were demonstrated for abundance of some natural enemies of D . radicum , but a consistent increase in performance could not be adequately demonstrated due to experimental set‐up, the short timescale and the complex landscape in which our study site was located.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation strips increased overall hymenopteran parasitoid catches.
- Taxon
- cabbages
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- conservation stripse0
- Interactor
- hymenopteran parasitoidse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- overall catches of hymenopteran parasitoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Habitat manipulation with conservation strips increased the overall catches of hymenopteran parasitoids.”
e1“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation strips did not increase parasitism by Trybliographa rapae.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- conservation stripse0
- Interactor
- T rybliographa rapaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitisme0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conservation strips did not increase parasitism by either of the two dominant parasitoid species, T rybliographa rapae and A leochara bipustulata”
e1“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation strips did not increase parasitism by Aleochara bipustulata.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- conservation stripse0
- Interactor
- A leochara bipustulatae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitisme0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conservation strips did not increase parasitism by either of the two dominant parasitoid species, T rybliographa rapae and A leochara bipustulata”
e1“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitism was higher in control plots in year two.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Outcome
- parasitisme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in the second yeare0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher parasitism was found in control plots in the second year”
e1“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation strips did not increase predation of D. radicum eggs.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Conservation stripse0
- Interactor
- D . radicume0pest
- Outcome
- predation of D . radicum eggse0
- Direction
- did not result in increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation strips did not result in increased predation of D . radicum eggs.”
e1“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity densities of two Bembidion species correlated with egg predation.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Interactor
- B embidion speciese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- egg predatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity densities of two B embidion species were correlated with egg predation”
e1“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal period best explained epigeal predator assemblage distribution, then year and crop type.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- crop typee0
- Outcome
- species assemblage distribution of epigeal predatorse0
- Qualifier
- seasonal period, followed by year and, to a low extent, crop typee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The species assemblage distribution of epigeal predators was best explained by seasonal period, followed by year and, to a low extent, crop type”
e1“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation strips had no effect on epigeal predator assemblage distribution.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae2
- Treatment
- conservation stripse0
- Outcome
- species assemblage distribution of epigeal predatorse1
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with conservation strips had no effect”
e1“species assemblage distribution of epigeal predators”
e2“cabbages root fly”
Claim · model-written summary
More Aleochara bipustulata were observed in conservation strips during one egg laying peak.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- conservation stripse0
- Interactor
- A . bipustulatae0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- D . radicume0pest
- Outcome
- number of A . bipustulatae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- during one study yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the egg laying peak of D . radicum , a higher number of A . bipustulata , an important larval predator was observed in conservation strips during one study year”
e1“cabbages root fly”