Abstract
Symbiotic ectomycorrhizal tree roots represent an important niche for interaction with bacteria since the fungi colonizing them have a large surface area and receive a direct supply of photosynthetically derived carbon. We examined individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks, identified the dominant fungi colonizing each root tip using Sanger sequencing and the bacterial communities colonizing individual root tips by 454 pyrosequencing. Bacterial colonization was extremely dynamic with statistically significant variation in time and increasing species richness until week 16 (3477 operational taxonomic units). Bacterial community structure of roots colonized by Russula sp. 6 GJ-2013b, Piloderma spp., Meliniomyces variabilis and Paxillus involutus differed significantly at weeks 8 and 16 but diversity declined and significant differences were no longer apparent at week 24. The most common genera were Burkholderia, Sphingopyxsis, Dyella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Actinospica, Aquaspirillum, Acidobacter Gp1, Sphingomonas, Terriglobus, Enhydrobacter, Herbaspirillum and Bradyrhizobium. Many genera had high initial abundance at week 8, declining with time but Dyella and Terriglobus increased in abundance at later time points. In roots colonized by Piloderma spp. several other bacterial genera, such as Actinospica, Bradyrhizobium, Acidobacter Gp1 and Rhizomicrobium appeared to increase in abundance at later sampling points.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Root bacterial colonization varied significantly over time.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestrise0 - Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- Bacterial colonizatione1
- Qualifier
- statistically significant variation in timee1
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e1“Bacterial colonization was extremely dynamic with statistically significant variation in time and increasing species richness until week 16 (3477 operational taxonomic units)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial species richness increased until week 16, reaching 3477 operational taxonomic units.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- species richnesse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 3477 operational taxonomic unitse1
- Qualifier
- until week 16e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e1“Bacterial colonization was extremely dynamic with statistically significant variation in time and increasing species richness until week 16 (3477 operational taxonomic units)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial community structure differed across the four fungal colonizers at weeks 8 and 16.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Interactor
- Russula sp. 6 GJ-2013b
Russula sp. 6 GJ-2013be2symbiont - Outcome
- Bacterial community structuree2
- Direction
- differede2
- Qualifier
- Piloderma spp., Meliniomyces variabilis and Paxillus involutuse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e2“Bacterial community structure of roots colonized by Russula sp. 6 GJ-2013b, Piloderma spp., Meliniomyces variabilis and Paxillus involutus differed significantly at weeks 8 and 16 but diversity declined and significant differences were no longer apparent at week 24”
Claim · model-written summary
Root bacterial diversity declined by week 24.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- diversitye2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Qualifier
- week 24e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e2“Bacterial community structure of roots colonized by Russula sp. 6 GJ-2013b, Piloderma spp., Meliniomyces variabilis and Paxillus involutus differed significantly at weeks 8 and 16 but diversity declined and significant differences were no longer apparent at week 24”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal-associated community differences were no longer apparent at week 24.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Interactor
- Russula sp. 6 GJ-2013bRussula sp. 6 GJ-2013be2symbiont
- Outcome
- significant differencese2
- Direction
- no longer apparente2
- Qualifier
- Piloderma spp., Meliniomyces variabilis and Paxillus involutuse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e2“Bacterial community structure of roots colonized by Russula sp. 6 GJ-2013b, Piloderma spp., Meliniomyces variabilis and Paxillus involutus differed significantly at weeks 8 and 16 but diversity declined and significant differences were no longer apparent at week 24”
Claim · model-written summary
Burkholderia, Sphingopyxsis and Dyella were among the most common root bacterial genera.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia
Burkholderiae3other - Outcome
- most common generae3
- Qualifier
- Sphingopyxsis, Dyellae3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e3“The most common genera were Burkholderia, Sphingopyxsis, Dyella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Actinospica, Aquaspirillum, Acidobacter Gp1, Sphingomonas, Terriglobus, Enhydrobacter, Herbaspirillum and Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Actinospica were among the most common root bacterial genera.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase3other - Outcome
- most common generae3
- Qualifier
- Acinetobacter, Actinospicae3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e3“The most common genera were Burkholderia, Sphingopyxsis, Dyella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Actinospica, Aquaspirillum, Acidobacter Gp1, Sphingomonas, Terriglobus, Enhydrobacter, Herbaspirillum and Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquaspirillum, Acidobacter Gp1 and Sphingomonas were among the most common root bacterial genera.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Interactor
- AquaspirillumAquaspirillume3other
- Outcome
- most common generae3
- Qualifier
- Acidobacter Gp1, Sphingomonase3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e3“The most common genera were Burkholderia, Sphingopyxsis, Dyella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Actinospica, Aquaspirillum, Acidobacter Gp1, Sphingomonas, Terriglobus, Enhydrobacter, Herbaspirillum and Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Terriglobus, Enhydrobacter and Herbaspirillum were among the most common root bacterial genera.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Interactor
- Terriglobus
Terriglobuse3other - Outcome
- most common generae3
- Qualifier
- Enhydrobacter, Herbaspirillume3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e3“The most common genera were Burkholderia, Sphingopyxsis, Dyella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Actinospica, Aquaspirillum, Acidobacter Gp1, Sphingomonas, Terriglobus, Enhydrobacter, Herbaspirillum and Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium was among the most common root bacterial genera.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume3other - Outcome
- most common generae3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e3“The most common genera were Burkholderia, Sphingopyxsis, Dyella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Actinospica, Aquaspirillum, Acidobacter Gp1, Sphingomonas, Terriglobus, Enhydrobacter, Herbaspirillum and Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Many root bacterial genera declined in abundance after week 8.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- abundancee4
- Direction
- declininge4
- Qualifier
- week 8e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e4“Many genera had high initial abundance at week 8, declining with time but Dyella and Terriglobus increased in abundance at later time points”
Claim · model-written summary
Dyella increased in abundance at later time points.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- abundancee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- later time pointse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e4“Many genera had high initial abundance at week 8, declining with time but Dyella and Terriglobus increased in abundance at later time points”
Claim · model-written summary
Terriglobus increased in abundance at later time points.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Interactor
- TerriglobusTerriglobuse4other
- Outcome
- abundancee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- later time pointse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e4“Many genera had high initial abundance at week 8, declining with time but Dyella and Terriglobus increased in abundance at later time points”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinospica and Bradyrhizobium appeared to increase later in roots colonized by Piloderma spp.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Outcome
- abundancee5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- Actinospica, Bradyrhizobiume5
PilodermaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e5“In roots colonized by Piloderma spp. several other bacterial genera, such as Actinospica, Bradyrhizobium, Acidobacter Gp1 and Rhizomicrobium appeared to increase in abundance at later sampling points”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidobacter Gp1 and Rhizomicrobium appeared to increase later in roots colonized by Piloderma spp.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Outcome
- abundancee5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- Acidobacter Gp1 and Rhizomicrobiume5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual root tips of Pinus sylvestris at defined time points between 5 days and 24 weeks”
e5“In roots colonized by Piloderma spp. several other bacterial genera, such as Actinospica, Bradyrhizobium, Acidobacter Gp1 and Rhizomicrobium appeared to increase in abundance at later sampling points”