Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples by using the visible and near infrared spectrum. Before the equation merge, correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen content on each rice parts was 0.945 (Leaf), 0.928 (Stem), and 0.864 (Whole plant), respectively. In the cali-bration models created by each part in the rice plant under the various regression method, the calibration model for the leaf was recorded with relatively high accuracy. Among of those, the calibration equation developed by Partial least squares (PLS) method was more accurate than the Multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The calibration equation was sensitive based on variety and location variations. How-ever, we have merged and enlarged various of the samples that made not only to measure the nitrogen content more accurately, but also later sampling populations became more diversified. After merging, R2 value becomes more accurate and significantly to 0.950 (L.), 0.974 (S.), 0.940 (W.). Also, after removal of outlier, R2 values increased into 0.998, 0.995, and 0.997. In view of the results so far achieved, Standard error of prediction (SEP) and SEP (C) were reduced in the stem and whole plant. Biases were reduced in the leaf, stem as well as whole plant. Slopes were high in the stem. Standard deviation reduced in the stem but R2 was high in the stem and whole plant. Result was indicated that calibration equation make update, and updating robust calibration equation from merge function and multi-variate calibration.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Before merging, the leaf calibration correlation coefficient for nitrogen content in rice was 0.945.
- Taxon
- rice plant
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- Leafe1
- Outcome
- correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen contente1
- Value
- 0.945e1
- Qualifier
- Before the equation mergee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“Before the equation merge, correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen content on each rice parts was 0.945 (Leaf), 0.928 (Stem), and 0.864 (Whole plant), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Before merging, the stem calibration correlation coefficient for nitrogen content in rice was 0.928.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- Steme1
- Outcome
- correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen contente1
- Value
- 0.928e1
- Qualifier
- Before the equation mergee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“Before the equation merge, correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen content on each rice parts was 0.945 (Leaf), 0.928 (Stem), and 0.864 (Whole plant), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Before merging, the whole-plant calibration correlation coefficient for nitrogen content in rice was 0.864.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- Whole plante1
- Outcome
- correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen contente1
- Value
- 0.864e1
- Qualifier
- Before the equation mergee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“Before the equation merge, correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen content on each rice parts was 0.945 (Leaf), 0.928 (Stem), and 0.864 (Whole plant), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf calibration model was recorded with relatively high accuracy compared with the models for each part of the rice plant.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Outcome
- accuracye2
- Comparator
- each part in the rice plante2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e2“In the cali-bration models created by each part in the rice plant under the various regression method, the calibration model for the leaf was recorded with relatively high accuracy”
Claim · model-written summary
The PLS-developed calibration equation was more accurate than the MLR-developed equation for rice plant nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- calibration equatione3
- Direction
- more accuratee3
- Qualifier
- Partial least squares (PLS) methode3
- Comparator
- Multiple linear regression (MLR) methode3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e3“the calibration equation developed by Partial least squares (PLS) method was more accurate than the Multiple linear regression (MLR) method”
Claim · model-written summary
The calibration equation was sensitive to variety and location variations in rice.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- variety and location variationse4
- Outcome
- calibration equatione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e4“The calibration equation was sensitive based on variety and location variations”
Claim · model-written summary
After merging samples, the leaf R2 value of the calibration was 0.950.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e5“After merging, R2 value becomes more accurate and significantly to 0.950 (L.), 0.974 (S.), 0.940 (W.)”
Claim · model-written summary
After merging samples, the stem R2 value of the calibration was 0.974.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e5“After merging, R2 value becomes more accurate and significantly to 0.950 (L.), 0.974 (S.), 0.940 (W.)”
Claim · model-written summary
After merging samples, the whole-plant R2 value of the calibration was 0.940.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e5“After merging, R2 value becomes more accurate and significantly to 0.950 (L.), 0.974 (S.), 0.940 (W.)”
Claim · model-written summary
After removal of outliers, R2 values increased to 0.998, 0.995 and 0.997 for the calibration models.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- R2 valuese6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 0.998, 0.995, and 0.997e6
- Qualifier
- after removal of outliere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e6“Also, after removal of outlier, R2 values increased into 0.998, 0.995, and 0.997”
Claim · model-written summary
In the stem and whole plant, the standard error of prediction (SEP) was reduced.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stem and whole plante7
- Outcome
- Standard error of prediction (SEP)e7
- Direction
- reducede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e7“In view of the results so far achieved, Standard error of prediction (SEP) and SEP (C) were reduced in the stem and whole plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Biases of the calibration were reduced in the leaf, stem and whole plant.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf, stem as well as whole plante1
- Outcome
- Biasese1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“Biases were reduced in the leaf, stem as well as whole plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Slopes of the calibration were high in the stem.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Outcome
- Slopese1
- Direction
- highe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“Slopes were high in the stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard deviation was reduced in the stem.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Outcome
- Standard deviatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“Standard deviation reduced in the stem but R2 was high in the stem and whole plant”
Claim · model-written summary
R2 was high in the stem and whole plant.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stem and whole plante1
- Outcome
- R2e1
- Direction
- highe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“Standard deviation reduced in the stem but R2 was high in the stem and whole plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that a robust calibration equation can be updated by the merge function and multivariate calibration.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- updating robust calibration equatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples”
e1“updating robust calibration equation from merge function and multi-variate calibration”