Abstract
Summary Seeds of different cultivars of peach rootstocks (Okinawa, Floraguard, Green Leaf Nemaguard, Red Leaf Nemaguard, Fay Elberta and Golden Queen) were assessed to determine the causes of several deleterious traits that affect the quality of the seedlings that result from them. The incidence of triple cotyledons was significantly influenced by cultivar. The production of multiple stems could be caused by either the production of multiple seeds or by multiple stems originating from cotyledonary axils. The incidence of both traits was heavily influenced by the genotype of the cultivar. The production of multiple shoots was also affected by temperature, with low temperatures favouring their appearance. The incidence of double seeds also varied among cultivars, with the average size of seeds from stones that contained double seeds being significantly smaller than for single seeds. The smaller size of double seeds was associated with poorer germination, reduced speed of germination and reduced growth rates. Although there was a strong relationship between seed size and stone (endocarp) size for stones that contained single seeds, no such relationship existed for those stones that contained double seeds. Therefore, selection on the basis of stone size cannot be used to select out stones containing double kernels. The elimination of multiple shoots and double seeds from peach seedlings would reduce the costs associated with rootstock production and could be achieved by removing plants that exhibit these traits from the production system and clonally propagating those trees that are free of such traits.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The incidence of triple cotyledons in peach seedlings was significantly influenced by cultivar.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicat0 - Material
- cultivare1
- Outcome
- incidence of triple cotyledonse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e1“The incidence of triple cotyledons was significantly influenced by cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple stems in peach seedlings could be caused by multiple seeds or by multiple stems from cotyledonary axils.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- production of multiple stemse2
- Qualifier
- production of multiple seeds or by multiple stems originating from cotyledonary axilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e2“The production of multiple stems could be caused by either the production of multiple seeds or by multiple stems originating from cotyledonary axils”
Claim · model-written summary
The incidence of both traits in peach seedlings was heavily influenced by genotype.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- genotypee3
- Outcome
- incidence of both traitse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e3“The incidence of both traits was heavily influenced by the genotype of the cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperatures increased the production of multiple shoots in peach seedlings.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- low temperaturese4
- Outcome
- production of multiple shootse4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e4“The production of multiple shoots was also affected by temperature, with low temperatures favouring their appearance”
Claim · model-written summary
The incidence of double seeds varied among cultivars of peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- cultivarse5
- Outcome
- incidence of double seedse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e5“The incidence of double seeds also varied among cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Average size of seeds from stones with double seeds was significantly smaller than for single seeds.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- stones that contained double seedse6
- Outcome
- average size of seeds from stonese6
- Direction
- smallere6
- Comparator
- single seedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e6“the average size of seeds from stones that contained double seeds being significantly smaller than for single seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller double seeds were associated with poorer germination in peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- double seedse7
- Outcome
- germinatione7
- Direction
- poorere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e7“The smaller size of double seeds was associated with poorer germination, reduced speed of germination and reduced growth rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller double seeds were associated with reduced speed of germination in peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- double seedse7
- Outcome
- speed of germinatione7
- Direction
- reducede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e7“The smaller size of double seeds was associated with poorer germination, reduced speed of germination and reduced growth rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller double seeds were associated with reduced growth rates in peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- double seedse7
- Outcome
- growth ratese7
- Direction
- reducede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e7“The smaller size of double seeds was associated with poorer germination, reduced speed of germination and reduced growth rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection on the basis of stone size cannot be used to select out stones containing double kernels in peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- selection on the basis of stone sizee1
- Qualifier
- cannot be used to select out stones containing double kernelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e1“selection on the basis of stone size cannot be used to select out stones containing double kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Elimination of multiple shoots and double seeds from peach seedlings would reduce rootstock production costs.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- elimination of multiple shoots and double seeds from peach seedlingse1
- Qualifier
- would reduce the costs associated with rootstock productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e1“The elimination of multiple shoots and double seeds from peach seedlings would reduce the costs associated with rootstock production”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing plants that exhibit multiple shoots or double seeds from the production system can achieve their elimination in peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- removing plants that exhibit these traits from the production systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e1“could be achieved by removing plants that exhibit these traits from the production system”
Claim · model-written summary
Clonally propagating peach trees free of multiple shoots and double seeds is recommended.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- clonally propagating those trees that are free of such traitse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedling rootstocks”
e1“clonally propagating those trees that are free of such traits”