Abstract
Concern about the effects of herbicides on the environment is the main stimulus to reduce their use in maize (Zea mays L.). Field research was conducted over two years to evaluate the efficacy of integrated weed management combining two seedbed practices at planting (no-till vs. tilled seedbeds), mechanical (0-3 inter-row cultivations) and chemical (none, band- and broadcast applied herbicide) methods on maize grain yield. Although seedbed practice had no effect on crop emergence, tilled seedbeds tended to produce larger grain yield than no-till seedbeds because of better control of early germinating weeds. Consequently, grain yield in no-till seedbeds consistently increased with each cultivation up to three passes because of improved weed control. However, the largest yield in tilled seedbeds occurred with two cultivations and then slightly decreased following third cultivation pass. Band herbicide application (50 % reduction in herbicide use compared to broadcast application) resulted in higher yield than one cultivation alone, whereas opposite responses occurred after multiple cultivation passes. Grain yield responded positively to one and two cultivation passes even when weeds were controlled by pre-emergence chemical method. Our findings indicated that banded herbicide application provided effective weed control in maize crop when complemented with two inter-row cultivations regardless of the method of seedbed preparation; thus making a viable option for Croatian farmers to lower herbicide load on the environment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seedbed practice had no effect on maize emergence.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“seedbed practice had no effect on crop emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Tilled seedbeds tended to yield more grain than no-till seedbeds through better early weed control.
- Treatment
- tilled seedbedse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- tendede0
- Comparator
- no-till seedbedse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“tilled seedbeds tended to produce larger grain yield than no-till seedbeds because of better control of early germinating weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no-till, maize grain yield increased with each cultivation up to three passes.
- Treatment
- each cultivation up to three passese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- no-till seedbedse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain yield in no-till seedbeds consistently increased with each cultivation up to three passes because of improved weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
In tilled seedbeds, the largest yield occurred with two cultivations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the largest yield in tilled seedbeds occurred with two cultivations”
Claim · model-written summary
In tilled seedbeds, yield slightly decreased after a third cultivation.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“then slightly decreased following third cultivation pass”
Claim · model-written summary
Band herbicide application used 50 % less herbicide than broadcast application.
- Treatment
- Band herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- herbicide usee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50 %e0
- Comparator
- broadcast applicatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Band herbicide application (50 % reduction in herbicide use compared to broadcast application)”
Claim · model-written summary
Band herbicide application yielded more than one cultivation alone.
- Treatment
- Band herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- one cultivation alonee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Band herbicide application (50 % reduction in herbicide use compared to broadcast application) resulted in higher yield than one cultivation alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield response to band herbicide reversed after multiple cultivation passes.
Not reportedTaxonSetting
Verbatim
e0“whereas opposite responses occurred after multiple cultivation passes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield responded positively to one and two cultivation passes despite pre-emergence chemical weed control.
- Treatment
- one and two cultivation passese0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- pre-emergence chemical methode0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield responded positively to one and two cultivation passes even when weeds were controlled by pre-emergence chemical method”
Claim · model-written summary
Banded herbicide complemented by two inter-row cultivations gave effective weed control regardless of seedbed preparation.
- Treatment
- banded herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Qualifier
- two inter-row cultivationse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“banded herbicide application provided effective weed control in maize crop when complemented with two inter-row cultivations regardless of the method of seedbed preparation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors present banded herbicide with two cultivations as a way for Croatian farmers to lower environmental herbicide load.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“thus making a viable option for Croatian farmers to lower herbicide load on the environment”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
359 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- positive
402 papers more in this group
See all 406 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.