Abstract
Four different potato cropping systems, designed to address specific management goals of soil conservation, soil improvement, disease suppression, and a status quo standard rotation control, were evaluated for their effects on soilborne diseases of potato and soil microbial community characteristics. The status quo system (SQ) consisted of barley underseeded with red clover followed by potato (2-year). The soil-conserving system (SC) featured an additional year of forage grass and reduced tillage (3-year, barley/timothy-timothy-potato). The soil-improving system (SI) added yearly compost amendments to the SC rotation, and the disease-suppressive system (DS) featured diverse crops with known disease-suppressive capability (3-year, mustard/rapeseed-sudangrass/rye-potato). Each system was also compared with a continuous potato control (PP) and evaluated under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Data collected over three potato seasons following full rotation cycles demonstrated that all rotations reduced stem canker (10 to 50%) relative to PP. The SQ, SC, and DS systems reduced black scurf (18 to 58%) relative to PP; SI reduced scurf under nonirrigated but not irrigated conditions; and scurf was lower in DS than all other systems. The SQ, SC, and DS systems also reduced common scab (15 to 45%), and scab was lower in DS than all other systems. Irrigation increased black scurf and common scab but also resulted in higher yields for most rotations. SI produced the highest yields under nonirrigated conditions, and DS produced high yields and low disease under both irrigation regimes. Each cropping system resulted in distinctive changes in soil microbial community characteristics as represented by microbial populations, substrate utilization, and fatty acid methyl-ester (FAME) profiles. SI tended to increase soil moisture, microbial populations, and activity, as well result in higher proportions of monounsaturated FAMEs and the FAME biomarker for mycorrhizae (16:1 ω6c) relative to most other rotations. DS resulted in moderate microbial populations and activity but higher substrate richness and diversity in substrate utilization profiles. DS also resulted in relatively higher proportions of FAME biomarkers for fungi (18:2 ω6c), actinomycetes, and gram-positive bacteria than most other systems, whereas PP resulted in the lowest microbial populations and activity; substrate richness and diversity; proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAME classes; and fungal, mycorrhizae, and actinomycete FAME biomarkers of all cropping systems. Overall, soil water, soil quality, and soilborne diseases were all important factors affecting productivity, and cropping systems addressing these constraints improved production. Cropping system approaches will need to balance these factors to achieve sustainable production and disease management.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
All rotations reduced stem canker by 10 to 50% versus continuous potato.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“all rotations reduced stem canker (10 to 50%) relative to PP”
Claim · model-written summary
SQ, SC and DS reduced black scurf by 18 to 58% versus continuous potato.
- Treatment
- SQ, SC, and DS systemse0
- Outcome
- black scurfe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18 to 58%e0
- Comparator
- PPe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The SQ, SC, and DS systems reduced black scurf (18 to 58%) relative to PP”
Claim · model-written summary
SI reduced black scurf without irrigation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“SI reduced scurf under nonirrigated but not irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
SI did not reduce black scurf with irrigation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“SI reduced scurf under nonirrigated but not irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Black scurf was lower under DS than under all other systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“scurf was lower in DS than all other systems”
Claim · model-written summary
SQ, SC and DS reduced common scab by 15 to 45%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The SQ, SC, and DS systems also reduced common scab (15 to 45%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Common scab was lower in DS than in all other systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“scab was lower in DS than all other systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased black scurf and common scab.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased black scurf and common scab”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation raised yields for most rotations.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased black scurf and common scab but also resulted in higher yields for most rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
SI produced the highest yields without irrigation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“SI produced the highest yields under nonirrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
DS produced high yields under both irrigation regimes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DS produced high yields and low disease under both irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
DS produced low disease under both irrigation regimes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DS produced high yields and low disease under both irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping systems produced distinct soil microbial characteristics.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Each cropping system resulted in distinctive changes in soil microbial community characteristics as represented by microbial populations, substrate utilization, and fatty acid methyl-ester (FAME) profiles”
Claim · model-written summary
SI tended to increase soil moisture, microbial populations and activity.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“SI tended to increase soil moisture, microbial populations, and activity”
Claim · model-written summary
SI had higher monounsaturated and mycorrhizal FAME proportions than most rotations.
- Outcome
- proportions of monounsaturated FAMEs and the FAME biomarker for mycorrhizaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- most other rotationse0
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“higher proportions of monounsaturated FAMEs and the FAME biomarker for mycorrhizae (16:1 ω6c) relative to most other rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
DS had higher substrate richness and diversity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DS resulted in moderate microbial populations and activity but higher substrate richness and diversity in substrate utilization profiles”
Claim · model-written summary
DS had higher fungal, actinomycete and gram-positive bacterial FAME biomarkers than most systems.
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- FAME biomarkers for fungi (18:2 ω6c), actinomycetes, and gram-positive bacteriae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- most other systemse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DS also resulted in relatively higher proportions of FAME biomarkers for fungi (18:2 ω6c), actinomycetes, and gram-positive bacteria than most other systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous potato had the lowest microbial populations, activity, diversity and several FAME biomarkers.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“PP resulted in the lowest microbial populations and activity; substrate richness and diversity; proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAME classes; and fungal, mycorrhizae, and actinomycete FAME biomarkers of all cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water, soil quality and soilborne disease affected productivity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“soil water, soil quality, and soilborne diseases were all important factors affecting productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping systems should balance water, soil quality and disease for sustainable production.
- Outcome
- balance these factors to achieve sustainable production and disease managemente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Cropping system approaches will need to balance these factors to achieve sustainable production and disease management”