Abstract
Parabolic sand dune succession was studied on 48 plots within a 150—mile section of the Oregon coastline. The sand dune communities were described and related to their successional sequence. Both plot and plotless techniques were used to obtain data for frequency, density, cover, and dominance. Successional stages of upland areas of coastal sand dune were represented by nine communities of plants which ranged from scattered, pioneer, herbaceous plants on barren, shifting sand to the near—climax, physical—biological system–the dune forest. The stands included a pioneer stage consisting of herbaceous plants which appeared early on the unstabilized dunes. A second community made up of many annual and some perennial herbaceous plants emerged on protected, lee slopes along the edges of dunes supporting pioneer communities. The third community located on somewhat stabilized sand was produced by a merging of some of the more hardy herbaceous plants from the second community, and the appearance of some shrubs also found in the following community. The fourth community was located on sites of stabilized sand and consisted mainly of shrubs. The remaining five communities, containing trees and shrubs on stabilized sand, were Pinus contorta—shrub; Pinus—Picea—shrub; Picea sitchensis—shrub; Picea—Tsuga—shrub; and Tsuga heterophylla—shrub. Many of the dominant species gradually declined as the succession proceeded from one community to another and other dominants appeared. The most notable exception to this progression occurred in the herbaceous community along the lee edges of the initial dunes, where the vegetational changes were much more abrupt.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Successional stages of coastal sand dunes were represented by nine plant communities.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- communitiese1
- Value
- ninee1
- Setting
- Oregon coastlinee0
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e1“Successional stages of upland areas of coastal sand dune were represented by nine communities of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The pioneer stage consisted of herbaceous plants that appeared early on unstabilized dunes.
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e2“The stands included a pioneer stage consisting of herbaceous plants which appeared early on the unstabilized dunes”
Claim · model-written summary
The second community of many annual and some perennial herbaceous plants emerged on protected lee slopes along dune edges.
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e3“A second community made up of many annual and some perennial herbaceous plants emerged on protected, lee slopes along the edges of dunes supporting pioneer communities”
Claim · model-written summary
The third community on somewhat stabilized sand was formed by hardy herbaceous plants from the second community, with some shrubs appearing.
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e4“The third community located on somewhat stabilized sand was produced by a merging of some of the more hardy herbaceous plants from the second community, and the appearance of some shrubs also found in the following community”
Claim · model-written summary
The fourth community on stabilized sand consisted mainly of shrubs.
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e5“The fourth community was located on sites of stabilized sand and consisted mainly of shrubs”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining five communities contained trees and shrubs on stabilized sand.
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e6“The remaining five communities, containing trees and shrubs on stabilized sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Many dominant species gradually declined as succession proceeded from one community to another.
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e1“Successional stages of upland areas of coastal sand dune were represented by nine communities of plants”
e7“Many of the dominant species gradually declined as the succession proceeded from one community to another and other dominants appeared”
Claim · model-written summary
The vegetational changes were much more abrupt in the herbaceous community along the lee edges of the initial dunes than in other successional steps.
Verbatim
e0“section of the Oregon coastline”
e2“The stands included a pioneer stage consisting of herbaceous plants which appeared early on the unstabilized dunes”
e6“The most notable exception to this progression occurred in the herbaceous community along the lee edges of the initial dunes, where the vegetational changes were much more abrupt”