Abstract
Insect chitin is a potential target for resistance plant proteins, but plant-derived chitin-degrading enzymes active against insects are virtually unknown. Commercial beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA), a chitin-degrading enzyme from jack bean Canavalia ensiformis, caused significant mortality of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda larvae at 75 microg/gm, but no significant mortality was noted with Aspergillus niger NAHA. Maize Zea mays callus transformed to express an Arabidopsis thaliana clone that putatively codes for NAHA caused significantly higher mortality of cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne larvae and significantly reduced growth rates (as reflected by survivor weights) of S. frugiperda as compared to callus that expressed control cDNAs. Tassels from model line Hi-II maize (Z. mays) plants transformed with the NAHA gene fed to S. frugiperda caused significantly higher mortality than tassels transformed to express glucuronidase; mortality was significantly correlated with NAHA expression levels detected histochemically. Leaf disks from inbred Oh43 maize plants transformed with the NAHA gene on average had significantly less feeding by caterpillars than null transformants. Leaf disks of Oh43 transformants caused significant mortality of both S. frugiperda and corn earworm Helicoverpa zea larvae, which was associated with higher expression levels of NAHA detected by isoelectric focusing, histochemically, or with antibody. Overall, these results suggest that plant NAHA has a role in insect resistance. Introduction of NAHA genes or enhancement of activity through breeding or genetic engineering has the potential to significantly reduce insect damage and thereby indirectly reduce mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and people.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Jack bean NAHA significantly increased fall armyworm larval mortality at 75 microg/gm.
- Taxon
- jack bean Canavalia ensiformis
Canavalia ensiformise0 - Treatment
- Commercial beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA)e0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Gene
- beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA)e0
- Outcome
- mortality of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda larvaee0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 75 microg/gme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Commercial beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA), a chitin-degrading enzyme from jack bean Canavalia ensiformis, caused significant mortality of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda larvae at 75 microg/gm”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus niger NAHA did not significantly increase larval mortality.
- Taxon
- jack bean Canavalia ensiformisCanavalia ensiformist0
- Treatment
- Aspergillus niger NAHAe0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- no significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant mortality was noted with Aspergillus niger NAHA”
t0“jack bean Canavalia ensiformis”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic maize callus expressing NAHA increased cigarette beetle larval mortality versus control cDNAs.
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- transformed to express an Arabidopsis thaliana clone that putatively codes for NAHAe0
- Interactor
- Lasioderma serricorne
Lasioderma serricornee0pest - Outcome
- mortality of cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne larvaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- callus that expressed control cDNAse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize Zea mays callus transformed to express an Arabidopsis thaliana clone that putatively codes for NAHA caused significantly higher mortality of cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne larvae and significantly reduced growth rates (as reflected by survivor weights) of S. frugiperda as compared to callus that expressed control cDNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
NAHA maize callus reduced fall armyworm survivor growth relative to control cDNA callus.
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- transformed to express an Arabidopsis thaliana clone that putatively codes for NAHAe0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- growth rates (as reflected by survivor weights) of S. frugiperdae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- callus that expressed control cDNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize Zea mays callus transformed to express an Arabidopsis thaliana clone that putatively codes for NAHA caused significantly higher mortality of cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne larvae and significantly reduced growth rates (as reflected by survivor weights) of S. frugiperda as compared to callus that expressed control cDNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
NAHA transgenic maize tassels increased fall armyworm mortality over glucuronidase tassels.
- Material
- Hi-IIe0
- Organ / stage
- Tasselse0
- Treatment
- transformed with the NAHA genee0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- tassels transformed to express glucuronidasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tassels from model line Hi-II maize (Z. mays) plants transformed with the NAHA gene fed to S. frugiperda caused significantly higher mortality than tassels transformed to express glucuronidase”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval mortality correlated significantly with histochemical NAHA expression.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mortality was significantly correlated with NAHA expression levels detected histochemically”
t0“Maize Zea mays callus”
Claim · model-written summary
NAHA Oh43 maize leaf disks had less caterpillar feeding than null transformants.
- Material
- Oh43e0
- Organ / stage
- Leaf diskse0
- Treatment
- transformed with the NAHA genee0
- Interactor
- caterpillarse0pest
- Outcome
- feeding by caterpillarse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- null transformantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf disks from inbred Oh43 maize plants transformed with the NAHA gene on average had significantly less feeding by caterpillars than null transformants”
Claim · model-written summary
NAHA Oh43 leaf disks caused fall armyworm larval mortality.
- Material
- Oh43e0
- Treatment
- transformantse0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of both S. frugiperda and corn earworm Helicoverpa zea larvaee0
- Direction
- causede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf disks of Oh43 transformants caused significant mortality of both S. frugiperda and corn earworm Helicoverpa zea larvae”
t0“Maize Zea mays callus”
Claim · model-written summary
NAHA Oh43 leaf disks caused corn earworm larval mortality.
- Material
- Oh43e0
- Treatment
- transformantse0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zea
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae0pest - Outcome
- mortality of both S. frugiperda and corn earworm Helicoverpa zea larvaee0
- Direction
- causede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Leaf disks of Oh43 transformants caused significant mortality of both S. frugiperda and corn earworm Helicoverpa zea larvae”
t0“Maize Zea mays callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher NAHA expression was associated with larval mortality.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was associated with higher expression levels of NAHA detected by isoelectric focusing, histochemically, or with antibody”
t0“Maize Zea mays callus”
e1“Leaf disks of Oh43 transformants caused significant mortality of both S. frugiperda and corn earworm Helicoverpa zea larvae”
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See all 41 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.