Abstract
The increased concern for environmental and health hazards have called for a reduction in the use of synthetic nematicides for nematode control. Experiments were, therefore, conducted to ascertain the nematicidal potential of castor bean’s crude extract and its five lower concentrations with water as control. In the in vitro studies, crude castor bean aqueous extract and 10, 20, 30 and 40% different concentrations with 100 root-knot nematode eggs or juveniles in separate Petri dishes showed that all the different concentrations had toxic effects on eggs and juveniles of root-knot nematode. Egg hatch inhibition and juvenile mortality increased with increased concentration of the extracts. With an increase in exposure time, juvenile mortality increased. In potted plant studies, crude castor bean aqueous extracts and its lower concentrations of 20, 40 and 60% caused significant improvement in plant growth measures such as height and fresh shoot weight over the water blank control. The crude castor bean extract was nematotoxic to root -knot nematodes in vitro and in potted-tomato plants, but this was not demonstrated in field studies. Further work needs to be done before a firm recommendation can be madeKeywords: Control, juveniles, nematicides, phytochemicals, water
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Castor bean extracts were toxic to root-knot nematode eggs and juveniles in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- different concentrationse0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pathogen - Outcome
- toxic effects on eggs and juveniles of root-knot nematodee0
- Direction
- toxic effectse0
Not reportedMaterialOrgan / stageComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all the different concentrations had toxic effects on eggs and juveniles of root-knot nematode.”
e1“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg hatch inhibition and juvenile mortality rose with extract concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- concentration of the extractse0
- Outcome
- Egg hatch inhibition and juvenile mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedMaterialOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Egg hatch inhibition and juvenile mortality increased with increased concentration of the extracts.”
e1“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Juvenile mortality rose with exposure time.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- exposure timee0
- Outcome
- juvenile mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedMaterialOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With an increase in exposure time, juvenile mortality increased.”
e1“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor bean extract improved potted tomato height and fresh shoot weight over water control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- crude castor bean aqueous extracts and its lower concentrations of 20, 40 and 60%e0
- Outcome
- height and fresh shoot weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- water blank controle0
Not reportedMaterialOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude castor bean aqueous extracts and its lower concentrations of 20, 40 and 60% caused significant improvement in plant growth measures such as height and fresh shoot weight over the water blank control.”
e1“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematotoxicity was not demonstrated in field studies.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- nematotoxice0
- Direction
- not demonstratede0
- Setting
- field studiese0
Not reportedMaterialOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleTreatmentComparatorValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crude castor bean extract was nematotoxic to root -knot nematodes in vitro and in potted-tomato plants, but this was not demonstrated in field studies.”
e1“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
Ricinus communis · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →botanical · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
202 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
287 papers more in this group
See all 291 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.