Abstract
Abstract Field trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of the integration of treatments based on a bioagent (Trichoderma viride), botanical (leaf extract and cake of Pongamia glabra), fungicide (carboxin) and Rhizobium sp. in various modes of applications for the management of web blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) and their influence on grain yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper). Modes of applications were soil treatment, seed treatment and foliar spray. Among 54 integrations evaluated, soil application of P. glabra cake (200 kg ha−1), seed treatment with integration of T. viride (2 g kg−1 seed), carboxin (1 g kg−1 seed) and Rhizobium sp. (25 g kg−1 seed), and foliar spray of P. glabra leaf extract (10%) were found superior as they increased seed germination by 31.6%, yield by 36.0% and reduced disease intensity by 94.8%, and also significantly enhanced plant height, root length and number of root nodules of urdbean. The same integration without corboxin was also effective and could be used in organic production of urdbean. The integration of any two modes of application was found superior over any one alone.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated application increased urdbean seed germination by 31.6%.
- Taxon
- urdbean
Vigna mungoe0 - Treatment
- soil application of P. glabra cake (200 kg ha−1), seed treatment with integration of T. viride (2 g kg−1 seed), carboxin (1 g kg−1 seed) and Rhizobium sp. (25 g kg−1 seed), and foliar spray of P. glabra leaf extract (10%)e1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 31.6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper)”
e1“soil application of P. glabra cake (200 kg ha−1), seed treatment with integration of T. viride (2 g kg−1 seed), carboxin (1 g kg−1 seed) and Rhizobium sp. (25 g kg−1 seed), and foliar spray of P. glabra leaf extract (10%) were found superior as they increased seed germination by 31.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated application increased urdbean yield by 36.0%.
- Taxon
- urdbeanVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- soil application of P. glabra cake (200 kg ha−1), seed treatment with integration of T. viride (2 g kg−1 seed), carboxin (1 g kg−1 seed) and Rhizobium sp. (25 g kg−1 seed), and foliar spray of P. glabra leaf extract (10%)e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 36.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper)”
e1“soil application of P. glabra cake (200 kg ha−1), seed treatment with integration of T. viride (2 g kg−1 seed), carboxin (1 g kg−1 seed) and Rhizobium sp. (25 g kg−1 seed), and foliar spray of P. glabra leaf extract (10%) were found superior as they increased seed germination by 31.6%, yield by 36.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated application reduced web blight intensity by 94.8%.
- Taxon
- urdbeanVigna mungoe0
- Outcome
- disease intensitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 94.8%e1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper)”
e1“reduced disease intensity by 94.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
The integration significantly increased plant height, root length and root nodules.
- Taxon
- urdbeanVigna mungoe1
- Outcome
- plant height, root length and number of root nodulese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper)”
e1“significantly enhanced plant height, root length and number of root nodules of urdbean.”
Claim · model-written summary
The integration without carboxin was also effective for organic urdbean production.
- Taxon
- urdbeanVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- same integration without corboxine1
- Outcome
- effectivee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper)”
e1“The same integration without corboxin was also effective and could be used in organic production of urdbean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Integration of two application modes surpassed one mode alone.
- Taxon
- urdbeanVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- any two modes of applicatione0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- any one alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“urdbean”
e0“The integration of any two modes of application was found superior over any one alone.”
The same questions in other papers
Pongamia pinnata · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma viride · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma viride · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Rhizobium · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
32 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →Rhizobium · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
63 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
60 papers more in this group
See all 64 papers →seed treatment · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →phosphorus · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Positive and negative results
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →botanical · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.