Abstract
Seeds of black grams, lentils, Bengal grams and green peas were soaked separately in aqueous solutions of Triflumuron at doses of 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm. Three day -old adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) were allowed to oviposit on air-dried, treated or untreated pulses of each type and dose in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests. Maximum oviposition occurred in Bengal grams (61.00? 0.25) and green peas (33.67? 0.54) in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. The beetles avoided egg laying on lentils. Maximum egg-hatching occurred on black grams (>90%) in both tests. Minimum developmental time was required in the Bengal grams (30? 0.5 days in ‘no-choice' test and 31.33? 1.23 days in ‘free-choice' test). No adults emerged from green peas, while 54.79% and 86.15% emergence were recorded from untreated black grams in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. Triflumuron reduced egg-laying significantly in green peas, where hatchability also reduced significantly to 35.99% at 2 ppm in ‘no-choice' test. Percentage of hatching decreased in all pulses with the increasing doses of triflumuron. No adults emerged from the treated green peas in any test, and at 2 ppm the adult emergence declined to < 50% in all pulses. Implications of these results are further discussed. Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus, Triflumuron, seed protectant, fecundity, hatchability, developmental period, adult emergence doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2207 J. bio-sci. 15: 83-88, 2007
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Bengal grams had maximum oviposition in no-choice tests, at 61.00? 0.25.
- Taxon
- Bengal gramse0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)
Callosobruchus maculatust0pest - Outcome
- ovipositione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 61.00? 0.25e0
- Setting
- no-choicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum oviposition occurred in Bengal grams (61.00? 0.25) and green peas (33.67? 0.54) in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Green peas had maximum oviposition in free-choice tests, at 33.67? 0.54.
- Taxon
- green pease0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- ovipositione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 33.67? 0.54e0
- Setting
- free-choicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum oviposition occurred in Bengal grams (61.00? 0.25) and green peas (33.67? 0.54) in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Beetles avoided laying eggs on lentils.
- Taxon
- lentils
Lens culinarise0 - Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- egg layinge0
- Direction
- avoidede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The beetles avoided egg laying on lentils.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black grams had maximum egg hatching, above 90%, in both tests.
- Taxon
- black grams
Vigna mungoe0 - Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- egg-hatchinge0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- >90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum egg-hatching occurred on black grams (>90%) in both tests.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bengal grams had a minimum developmental time of 30? 0.5 days in no-choice tests.
- Taxon
- Bengal gramse0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- developmental timee0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 30? 0.5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum developmental time was required in the Bengal grams (30? 0.5 days in ‘no-choice' test and 31.33? 1.23 days in ‘free-choice' test).”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bengal grams had a minimum developmental time of 31.33? 1.23 days in free-choice tests.
- Taxon
- Bengal gramse0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- developmental timee0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 31.33? 1.23 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum developmental time was required in the Bengal grams (30? 0.5 days in ‘no-choice' test and 31.33? 1.23 days in ‘free-choice' test).”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
No adults emerged from green peas.
- Taxon
- green pease0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- No adults emergede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No adults emerged from green peas, while 54.79% and 86.15% emergence were recorded from untreated black grams in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated black grams had 54.79% adult emergence in no-choice tests.
- Taxon
- black gramsVigna mungoe0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Value
- 54.79%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No adults emerged from green peas, while 54.79% and 86.15% emergence were recorded from untreated black grams in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated black grams had 86.15% adult emergence in free-choice tests.
- Taxon
- black gramsVigna mungoe0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Value
- 86.15%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No adults emerged from green peas, while 54.79% and 86.15% emergence were recorded from untreated black grams in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triflumuron significantly reduced egg laying on green peas.
- Taxon
- green pease0
- Treatment
- Triflumurone0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- egg-layinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triflumuron reduced egg-laying significantly in green peas, where hatchability also reduced significantly to 35.99% at 2 ppm in ‘no-choice' test.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2 ppm, Triflumuron significantly reduced hatching on green peas to 35.99% in no-choice tests.
- Taxon
- green pease0
- Treatment
- Triflumurone0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- hatchabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35.99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triflumuron reduced egg-laying significantly in green peas, where hatchability also reduced significantly to 35.99% at 2 ppm in ‘no-choice' test.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Triflumuron doses decreased hatching in all pulses.
- Taxon
- pulsese0
- Treatment
- increasing doses of triflumurone0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- Percentage of hatchinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of hatching decreased in all pulses with the increasing doses of triflumuron.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
No adults emerged from treated green peas in either test.
- Taxon
- green pease0
- Treatment
- treatede0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- No adults emergede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No adults emerged from the treated green peas in any test, and at 2 ppm the adult emergence declined to < 50% in all pulses.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2 ppm, adult emergence declined below 50% in all pulses.
- Taxon
- pulsese0
- Treatment
- 2 ppme0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)Callosobruchus maculatust0pest
- Outcome
- adult emergencee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- < 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No adults emerged from the treated green peas in any test, and at 2 ppm the adult emergence declined to < 50% in all pulses.”
t0“Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)”