Abstract
Abstract Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum are reported as pathogens of the adventitious roots of Agrostis palustris. Both organisms have been isolated from root and leaf tissue of diseased A. palustris on high‐sand‐content golf greens. The presence of the organisms on adventitious roots is usually associated with other potential root pathogens. Three isolates of A. rutilum and one isolate of A. alternatum were evaluated for their ability to infect adventitious roots of A. palustris under high and low temperature regimes and to affect plant growth and symptom expression. Both species of Acremonium infected roots and decreased shoot and root dry weight. The decreases in dry weight were more pronounced under low temperatures than under high temperatures. With the exception of isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum under the high temperature regime, the decrease in shoot dry weight was disproportionately greater than that of root weight in response to both A. rutilum and A. alternatum. The number of stolons per plant decreased in response to both species of Acremonium under the high and low temperature regimes except for isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum which increased stolon numbers under the high temperature regime. Foliar symptoms associated with the organisms in the field were not expressed by the root‐inoculated plants. The observations of the study are discussed relative to A. rutilum and A. alternatum as potential emerging pathogens and/or participants in a root disease complex, and relative to the role of high‐sand‐content golf green management practices in the process.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A. rutilum infected adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustris
Agrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0 - Interactor
- Acremonium rutilumProtocreopsis rutilat0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species of Acremonium infected roots and decreased shoot and root dry weight.”
t0“Agrostis palustris to Adventitious Root Infection by Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternatum infected adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Interactor
- Acremonium alternatumAcremonium alternatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species of Acremonium infected roots and decreased shoot and root dry weight.”
t0“Agrostis palustris to Adventitious Root Infection by Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum”
Claim · model-written summary
A. rutilum reduced shoot and root dry weight.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Treatment
- Acremonium rutilumt0
- Interactor
- Acremonium rutilumProtocreopsis rutilat0pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species of Acremonium infected roots and decreased shoot and root dry weight.”
t0“Agrostis palustris to Adventitious Root Infection by Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternatum reduced shoot and root dry weight.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Treatment
- Acremonium alternatumt0
- Interactor
- Acremonium alternatumAcremonium alternatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species of Acremonium infected roots and decreased shoot and root dry weight.”
t0“Agrostis palustris to Adventitious Root Infection by Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-weight declines were greater at low than high temperature.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Outcome
- decreases in dry weighte0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- low temperaturese0
- Comparator
- high temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decreases in dry weight were more pronounced under low temperatures than under high temperatures.”
t0“Agrostis palustris”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight declined disproportionately relative to root dry weight except for AR-1 at high temperature.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- disproportionately greatere0
- Qualifier
- exception of isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum under the high temperature regimee0
- Comparator
- root weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the exception of isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum under the high temperature regime, the decrease in shoot dry weight was disproportionately greater than that of root weight in response to both A. rutilum and A. alternatum.”
t0“Agrostis palustris”
Claim · model-written summary
A. rutilum generally decreased stolon number.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Treatment
- A. rutilume0
- Interactor
- A. rutilumProtocreopsis rutilae0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of stolons per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of stolons per plant decreased in response to both species of Acremonium under the high and low temperature regimes except for isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum which increased stolon numbers under the high temperature regime.”
t0“Agrostis palustris”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternatum decreased stolon number.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Treatment
- Acremonium alternatumt0
- Interactor
- Acremonium alternatumAcremonium alternatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of stolons per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of stolons per plant decreased in response to both species of Acremonium under the high and low temperature regimes except for isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum which increased stolon numbers under the high temperature regime.”
t0“Agrostis palustris to Adventitious Root Infection by Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum”
Claim · model-written summary
AR-1 increased stolon number at high temperature.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Treatment
- isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilume0
- Interactor
- A. rutilumProtocreopsis rutilae0pathogen
- Outcome
- stolon numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum which increased stolon numbers under the high temperature regime.”
t0“Agrostis palustris”
Claim · model-written summary
Root inoculation did not reproduce field foliar symptoms.
- Taxon
- Agrostis palustrisAgrostis stolonifera var. palustrist0
- Treatment
- root‐inoculatede0
- Outcome
- Foliar symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar symptoms associated with the organisms in the field were not expressed by the root‐inoculated plants.”
t0“Agrostis palustris”