Abstract
Summary. Helophorus rugosus Ol. and Helophorus porculus Bedel, have caused serious damage to late sown white turnips in several cases in the east of England during the last few years. A case in which the growing points of white turnips (planted out for seed growing) were eaten out by the larvae is recorded. Swedes and rape are damaged by these pests but not to the same extent as white turnips. Kale and cabbages are only slightly damaged. Lettuces were seriously damaged in Surrey in 1924. One case of an attack on beans by H. rugosus was also noticed. Most of the damage is caused by the larvae which gnaw or tunnel into the “bulb” of the turnip as well as feeding on the developing leaves. The adults also feed on the leaves. Eggs are probably laid in August and the larvae live from August until April or May. Pupation takes place in April or May and pupae live about three weeks. Adults were found from May until the following March. Descriptions of the larval, pupal and adult stages are given. Late sowing and frequent cruciferous crops appear to predispose plants to attacks.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Helophorus rugosus and H. porculus caused serious damage to late sown white turnips in several cases in the east of England in recent years.
Verbatim
e1“Helophorus rugosus Ol. and Helophorus porculus Bedel, have caused serious damage to late sown white turnips in several cases in the east of England during the last few years”
Claim · model-written summary
In one recorded case the growing points of white turnips planted out for seed growing were eaten out by the larvae.
Verbatim
e1“A case in which the growing points of white turnips (planted out for seed growing) were eaten out by the larvae is recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Swedes are damaged by these pests but not to the same extent as white turnips.
Verbatim
e1“Swedes and rape are damaged by these pests but not to the same extent as white turnips”
Claim · model-written summary
Rape is damaged by these pests but not to the same extent as white turnips.
- Taxon
- rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse1 - Outcome
- damagede1
- Direction
- not to the same extente1
- Comparator
- white turnipse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Swedes and rape are damaged by these pests but not to the same extent as white turnips”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale is only slightly damaged.
- Taxon
- Kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise1 - Outcome
- damagede1
- Direction
- only slightlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kale and cabbages are only slightly damaged”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbages are only slightly damaged.
- Taxon
- cabbages
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Outcome
- damagede1
- Direction
- only slightlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kale and cabbages are only slightly damaged”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuces were seriously damaged in Surrey in 1924.
- Taxon
- Lettuces
Lactuca sativae1 - Outcome
- seriously damagede1
- Setting
- Surreye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuces were seriously damaged in Surrey in 1924”
Claim · model-written summary
One case of an attack on beans by H. rugosus was noticed.
Verbatim
e1“One case of an attack on beans by H. rugosus was also noticed”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the damage is caused by larvae that gnaw or tunnel into the turnip bulb and feed on the developing leaves.
- Taxon
- turnip
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapae1 - Organ / stage
- bulbe1
- Interactor
- larvaee1pest
- Outcome
- damagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Most of the damage is caused by the larvae which gnaw or tunnel into the “bulb” of the turnip as well as feeding on the developing leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The adults also feed on the leaves.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“The adults also feed on the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggs are probably laid in August and the larvae live from August until April or May.
- Outcome
- larvae live from August until April or Maye1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Eggs are probably laid in August and the larvae live from August until April or May”
Claim · model-written summary
Pupation takes place in April or May and pupae live about three weeks.
- Outcome
- pupae live about three weekse1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Pupation takes place in April or May and pupae live about three weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Adults were found from May until the following March.
- Outcome
- Adults were found from May until the following Marche1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Adults were found from May until the following March”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing and frequent cruciferous crops appear to predispose plants to attacks.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- Late sowing and frequent cruciferous cropse1
- Outcome
- attackse1
- Direction
- predisposee1
Verbatim
e1“Late sowing and frequent cruciferous crops appear to predispose plants to attacks”