Abstract
Abstract The release of the larvae of flightless ladybird beetles could extend the duration of effective control because of the longer presence of adult stages, and the per individual production cost for juvenile stages is lower than that for adult stages. A preliminary release experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness in controlling two aphid species, A phis gossypii and A ulacorthum solani , using second instars of a flightless strain of H armonia axyridis . The number of A . gossypii was suppressed in greenhouses that contained the flightless strain compared with greenhouses that contained the wild‐type strain. In one of two replicates, more flightless adults were observed on the plants for longer than wild‐type adults. However, it was not clear whether the extension of the residence period contributed to the effectiveness in controlling aphids directly, because the population of ladybirds in the greenhouses consisted of both larvae and adults during parts of the experimental period. In flightless H . axyridis , the release of larvae was more effective in suppressing A . solani than the release of adults. These results suggest that it may be more effective to release larvae of flightless H . axyridis than wild‐type larvae or flightless adults.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouses with flightless H. axyridis had fewer Aphis gossypii than greenhouses with wild-type strain.
Verbatim
e0“A phis gossypii and A ulacorthum solani”
e1“The number of A . gossypii was suppressed in greenhouses that contained the flightless strain compared with greenhouses that contained the wild‐type strain”
e2“In one of two replicates, more flightless adults were observed on the plants for longer than wild‐type adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Release of H. axyridis larvae suppressed Aphis solani more effectively than release of adults.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee2
- Treatment
- release of larvaee3
- Interactor
- A . solanie3pest
- Second interactor
- H . axyridis
.jpg?width=60)
Harmonia axyridise3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- suppressing A . solanie3
- Direction
- more effectivee3
- Comparator
- release of adultse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“In one of two replicates, more flightless adults were observed on the plants for longer than wild‐type adults”
e3“In flightless H . axyridis , the release of larvae was more effective in suppressing A . solani than the release of adults”
Claim · model-written summary
In one of two replicates, flightless H. axyridis adults stayed on the plants longer than wild-type adults.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee2
- Outcome
- observed on the plants for longere2
- Qualifier
- In one of two replicatese2
Verbatim
e2“In one of two replicates, more flightless adults were observed on the plants for longer than wild‐type adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Releasing larvae of flightless H. axyridis may be more effective than releasing wild-type larvae or flightless adults.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee2
- Treatment
- release larvaee4
- Outcome
- more effectivee4
Verbatim
e2“In one of two replicates, more flightless adults were observed on the plants for longer than wild‐type adults”
e4“These results suggest that it may be more effective to release larvae of flightless H . axyridis than wild‐type larvae or flightless adults”