Abstract
The RNA binding protein, flowering control locus A, (FCA) regulates flowering in rice and Arabidopsis. FCA interacts with FY to auto-regulate its own transcripts as well as to control flowering by downregulating flowering locus C (FLC). We report the cloning and characterization of the gamma (γ) isoform of FCA from barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. McLeod). The deduced protein contained two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), a glycine-rich region at the N-terminal end, a polyglutamine region immediately downstream of a WW domain. Barley FCA had greater protein sequence homology to wheat and rice FCA than to its Arabidopsis homolog. In developing barley embryos, FCA transcripts could be detected from 2 days after pollination (DAP) up to 40 DAP. FCA transcript levels in mature barley embryo were more abundant in non-germinated than in germinated seeds, with the levels declining as germination progressed. ABA inhibition of germination inhibited the decline of barley embryo FCA. Transient co-expression of FCA or a truncated FCA (lacking RRM) with maize VP1 promoter or wheat Em gene promoter in barley aleurone protoplasts led to increased VP1 and Em gene promoter activity. Barley FCA or truncated FCA localized in the nucleus suggested its role in gene regulation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The barley FCA gamma isoform was cloned and characterized.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Material
- Hordeum vulgare cv. McLeode0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- cloning and characterization of the gamma (γ) isoform of FCAe0
- Value
- gamma (γ)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We report the cloning and characterization of the gamma (γ) isoform of FCA from barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. McLeod).”
Claim · model-written summary
The deduced FCA protein had two RNA recognition motifs and three other described regions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- FCAt0
- Outcome
- two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), a glycine-rich region at the N-terminal end, a polyglutamine region immediately downstream of a WW domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deduced protein contained two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), a glycine-rich region at the N-terminal end, a polyglutamine region immediately downstream of a WW domain.”
t0“barley caryopsis FCA”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley FCA was more homologous to wheat and rice FCA than to Arabidopsis FCA.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- protein sequence homologye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Arabidopsis homologe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley FCA had greater protein sequence homology to wheat and rice FCA than to its Arabidopsis homolog.”
Claim · model-written summary
FCA transcripts were detectable in developing barley embryos from 2 to 40 days after pollination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- developing barley embryose0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- FCA transcriptse0
- Value
- 2 days after pollination (DAP) up to 40 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In developing barley embryos, FCA transcripts could be detected from 2 days after pollination (DAP) up to 40 DAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
FCA transcripts were more abundant in non-germinated than germinated barley embryos.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- mature barley embryoe0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- FCA transcript levelse0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Comparator
- germinated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FCA transcript levels in mature barley embryo were more abundant in non-germinated than in germinated seeds, with the levels declining as germination progressed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley FCA transcript levels declined during germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- FCA transcript levelse0
- Direction
- declininge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FCA transcript levels in mature barley embryo were more abundant in non-germinated than in germinated seeds, with the levels declining as germination progressed.”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA inhibition of germination inhibited the decline in barley embryo FCA.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ABA inhibition of germinatione0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- decline of barley embryo FCAe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA inhibition of germination inhibited the decline of barley embryo FCA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient FCA coexpression increased maize VP1 promoter activity in barley protoplasts.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Transient co-expression of FCAe0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- VP1 and Em gene promoter activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient co-expression of FCA or a truncated FCA (lacking RRM) with maize VP1 promoter or wheat Em gene promoter in barley aleurone protoplasts led to increased VP1 and Em gene promoter activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley FCA and truncated FCA localized in the nucleus.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Gene
- FCAe0
- Outcome
- localized in the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley FCA or truncated FCA localized in the nucleus suggested its role in gene regulation.”
The same questions in other papers
stage · molecular: expression · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.