Paper · 1986 · Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture

Granular reactive apatite rock phosphate is not an effective phosphorus fertilizer in the short term on lateritic soils in south-western Australia.

MDA Bolland; AJ Weatherley; RJ Gilkes; et al.

6
claims
8
verbatim quotes
33
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

The effectiveness, as a phosphate fertilizer, of granular reactive rock phosphate (carbonate substituted apatite from North Carolina, U.S.A.), granular triple superphosphate and partly powdered Duchess non-reactive rock phosphate (low carbonate apatite from north-eastern Australia) was compared in three field experiments on different soil types in different climatic regions of south-western Australia. Calciphos (finely ground calcined crandallite rock phosphate from Christmas Island) was included in one experiment. The rock phosphates were incorporated into the soil and their effectiveness was compared with both topdressed and incorporated superphosphate. Different species were grown at each site (barley, triticale and subterranean clover). As determined on the basis of relative amounts of fertilizer required for constant yield, the effectiveness of all the rock phosphates relative to incorporated superphosphate was very low at each site throughout the growth of each species. Fertilizer effectiveness of rock phosphates was about one-fifth that of superphosphate for barley, and one-tenth for triticale and clover. The maximum yield obtained from rock phosphate was generally 88-100% that obtained from superphosphate. Incorporation did not greatly affect the effectiveness of superphosphate.

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rock phosphates had very low effectiveness relative to incorporated superphosphate for all three crops.

Taxon
each speciese0
Treatment
all the rock phosphatese0
Outcome
effectivenesse0
Direction
very lowe0
Qualifier
at each site throughout the growth of each speciese0
Comparator
incorporated superphosphatee0

Verbatim

e0

“the effectiveness of all the rock phosphates relative to incorporated superphosphate was very low at each site throughout the growth of each species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 841–989 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rock phosphates were about one-fifth as effective as superphosphate for barley.

Treatment
rock phosphatese0
Outcome
Fertilizer effectivenesse0
Direction
one-fifthe0
Value
one-fifthe0
Comparator
superphosphatee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilizer effectiveness of rock phosphates was about one-fifth that of superphosphate for barley”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1088 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rock phosphates were one-tenth as effective as superphosphate for triticale.

Taxon
triticale×Triticosecalee0
Treatment
rock phosphatese0
Outcome
Fertilizer effectivenesse0
Direction
one-tenthe0
Value
one-tenthe0
Comparator
superphosphatee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

x Triticosecale
×Triticosecale · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMiquel Pujol Palol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilizer effectiveness of rock phosphates was about one-fifth that of superphosphate for barley, and one-tenth for triticale and clover”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1128 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rock phosphates were one-tenth as effective as superphosphate for clover.

Taxon
cloverTrifoliume0
Treatment
rock phosphatese0
Outcome
Fertilizer effectivenesse0
Direction
one-tenthe0
Value
one-tenthe0
Comparator
superphosphatee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilizer effectiveness of rock phosphates was about one-fifth that of superphosphate for barley, and one-tenth for triticale and clover”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1128 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maximum yield with rock phosphate was generally 88-100% of that with superphosphate.

Taxon
barley, triticale and subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumHordeum vulgare×Triticosecalet0
Treatment
rock phosphatee0
Outcome
maximum yielde0
Direction
88-100%e0
Value
88-100%e0
Comparator
superphosphatee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium subterraneum
Trifolium subterraneum · TaxonKevin Thiele from Perth, Australia · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
x Triticosecale
×Triticosecale · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMiquel Pujol Palol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maximum yield obtained from rock phosphate was generally 88-100% that obtained from superphosphate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1130–1232 · show in text ↑
t0

“barley, triticale and subterranean clover”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–748 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Incorporation did not greatly change superphosphate effectiveness.

Taxon
barley, triticale and subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumHordeum vulgare×Triticosecalet0
Treatment
Incorporatione0
Outcome
effectiveness of superphosphatee0
Direction
did not greatly affecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium subterraneum
Trifolium subterraneum · TaxonKevin Thiele from Perth, Australia · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
x Triticosecale
×Triticosecale · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMiquel Pujol Palol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Incorporation did not greatly affect the effectiveness of superphosphate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1234–1306 · show in text ↑
t0

“barley, triticale and subterranean clover”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–748 · show in text ↑

phosphorus · yield · Trifolium subterraneumResults differ

19 papers: 16 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

phosphorus · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ

80 papers: 71 positive, 9 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 71 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

76 papers more in this group

See all 80 papers →

phosphorus · yield · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 7 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.