Abstract
Wine contamination with ochratoxin A (OTA) is due to the attack of wine grapes by ochratoxigenic Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus spp. section Nigri. Four A. pullulans strains, AU14-3-1, AU18-3B, AU34-2, and LS30, are resistant to and actively degrade ochratoxin A in vitro. The less toxic ochratoxin alpha and the aminoacid L-beta-phenylalanine were the major degradation products, deriving from the cleavage of the amide bond linking these two moieties of OTA. The same strains were studied further as biocontrol agents of A. carbonarius on wine grapes in laboratory experiments. Three of the four strains significantly prevented infections by A. carbonarius. Berries pretreated with the biocontrol agents and infected with A. carbonarius contained lower amounts of OTA as compared to the untreated infected control berries. Two of these strains were shown to degrade OTA to ochratoxin alpha in fresh grape must, but the mechanisms of the decrease of OTA accumulation in infected berries pretreated with the biocontrol agents remain to be elucidated. Assessment of one strain carried out in the vineyard during the growing season of 2006 showed that the tested strain was an effective biocontrol agent, reducing both severity of Aspergillus rots and OTA accumulation in wine grapes. To our knowledge this is the first report describing the positive influence of biocontrol agents on OTA accumulation in this crop species.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Four A. pullulans strains degraded ochratoxin A in vitro.
- Taxon
- Wine Grapes
Vitis viniferat0 - Interactor
- A. pullulanse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- actively degrade ochratoxin Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four A. pullulans strains, AU14-3-1, AU18-3B, AU34-2, and LS30, are resistant to and actively degrade ochratoxin A in vitro”
t0“Wine Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
The main ochratoxin degradation products were ochratoxin alpha and L-beta-phenylalanine.
- Taxon
- Wine GrapesVitis viniferat0
- Interactor
- A. pullulanse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ochratoxin alpha and the aminoacid L-beta-phenylalanine were the major degradation productse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The less toxic ochratoxin alpha and the aminoacid L-beta-phenylalanine were the major degradation products”
e1“Four A. pullulans strains”
t0“Wine Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Three of four A. pullulans strains significantly prevented A. carbonarius infection of grapes.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- biocontrol agentse0
- Interactor
- A. carbonariusAspergillus carbonariuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- infections by A. carbonariuse0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- Three of the four strainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same strains were studied further as biocontrol agents of A. carbonarius on wine grapes in laboratory experiments. Three of the four strains significantly prevented infections by A. carbonarius”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with biocontrol agents lowered OTA in infected grape berries compared with untreated infected berries.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- pretreated with the biocontrol agentse0
- Interactor
- A. carbonariusAspergillus carbonariuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- amounts of OTAe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated infected control berriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries pretreated with the biocontrol agents and infected with A. carbonarius contained lower amounts of OTA as compared to the untreated infected control berries”
e1“on wine grapes in laboratory experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Two biocontrol strains degraded OTA to ochratoxin alpha in fresh grape must.
- Taxon
- Wine GrapesVitis viniferat0
- Interactor
- A. pullulanse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- degrade OTA to ochratoxin alphae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two of these strains were shown to degrade OTA to ochratoxin alpha in fresh grape must”
e1“A. pullulans strains”
t0“Wine Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested vineyard strain reduced Aspergillus rot severity.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- one straine0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus
Aspergilluse0pathogen - Outcome
- severity of Aspergillus rotse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Setting
- vineyarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Assessment of one strain carried out in the vineyard during the growing season of 2006 showed that the tested strain was an effective biocontrol agent, reducing both severity of Aspergillus rots and OTA accumulation in wine grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested vineyard strain reduced OTA accumulation in grapes.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- one straine0
- Interactor
- AspergillusAspergilluse0pathogen
- Outcome
- OTA accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Setting
- vineyarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Assessment of one strain carried out in the vineyard during the growing season of 2006 showed that the tested strain was an effective biocontrol agent, reducing both severity of Aspergillus rots and OTA accumulation in wine grapes”