Abstract
Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years to determine their ability to recover from leaf damage from foliage feeding pests. Defoliation treatments were imposed in years 1 and 2 by clipping all leaflets in half mechanically (50%) or by removing all leaves leaving the petioles on the plant (1 00%) to simulate 2 severe levels of sudden defoliation. The variety Chaffey was defoliated early in vegetative growth (V2), at the beginning of flowering (Fl), at full flowering (F100) or at the end of flowering (EF100) as single treatments in years 1 and 2. In year 3, only the top 4 leaves of each plant were clipped in half to simulate levels of defoliation experienced in commercial crops. In that year the variety Farrer was treated at stages V3 (early vegetative), F1 or F100 as single treatments or at V3 + F1, F1 + F100 or weekly from V3 to EF100 as repeated treatments. Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 hastened maturity (95% of pods dry) by 24 days (year 1) and 22 days (year 2), which reduced seed size by 34 and 41%, seed number by 38 and 32% and seed yield by 58 and 60%, respectively. Seed yield was also reduced by a single 100% defoliation at F1 due to reductions in seed number rather than to seed size. The repeated defoliations in year 3 reduced leaf area index, plant height, seed number and .seed yield. Weekly defoliations reduced yield by 20% by reducing seed size by 8% and seed number by 13%. We conclude that, prior to flowering, 50% defoliation is unlikely to reduce yield, but repeated damage will reduce yield significantly. Also, indeterminate soybeans can withstand an initial 50% loss over the top 4 leaves at F1, but repeated defoliations reduce seed yields.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 hastened maturity by 24 days in year 1 and 22 days in year 2.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100e1
- Outcome
- maturitye1
- Direction
- hastenede1
- Value
- 24 days (year 1) and 22 days (year 2)e1
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e1“Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 hastened maturity (95% of pods dry) by 24 days (year 1) and 22 days (year 2), which reduced seed size by 34 and 41%, seed number by 38 and 32% and seed yield by 58 and 60%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 reduced seed size by 34% and 41% in the two years.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100e1
- Outcome
- seed sizee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 34 and 41%e1
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e1“Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 hastened maturity (95% of pods dry) by 24 days (year 1) and 22 days (year 2), which reduced seed size by 34 and 41%, seed number by 38 and 32% and seed yield by 58 and 60%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 reduced seed number by 38% and 32% in the two years.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100e1
- Outcome
- seed numbere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 38 and 32%e1
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e1“Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 hastened maturity (95% of pods dry) by 24 days (year 1) and 22 days (year 2), which reduced seed size by 34 and 41%, seed number by 38 and 32% and seed yield by 58 and 60%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 reduced seed yield by 58% and 60% in the two years.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100e1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 58 and 60%e1
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e1“Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 hastened maturity (95% of pods dry) by 24 days (year 1) and 22 days (year 2), which reduced seed size by 34 and 41%, seed number by 38 and 32% and seed yield by 58 and 60%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A single 100% defoliation at F1 reduced seed yield, through fewer seeds rather than smaller seeds.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- a single 100% defoliation at F1e2
- Outcome
- Seed yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- due to reductions in seed number rather than to seed sizee2
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e2“Seed yield was also reduced by a single 100% defoliation at F1 due to reductions in seed number rather than to seed size”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated defoliations in year 3 reduced leaf area index, plant height and seed number.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- repeated defoliationse3
- Outcome
- leaf area index, plant height, seed numbere3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- in year 3e3
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e3“The repeated defoliations in year 3 reduced leaf area index, plant height, seed number”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated defoliations in year 3 reduced seed yield.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- repeated defoliationse4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e4“The repeated defoliations in year 3 reduced leaf area index, plant height, seed number and .seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly defoliations reduced yield by 20%.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Weekly defoliationse5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 20%e5
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e5“Weekly defoliations reduced yield by 20% by reducing seed size by 8% and seed number by 13%”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly defoliations reduced seed size by 8%.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Weekly defoliationse5
- Outcome
- seed sizee5
- Direction
- reducinge5
- Value
- 8%e5
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e5“Weekly defoliations reduced yield by 20% by reducing seed size by 8% and seed number by 13%”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly defoliations reduced seed number by 13%.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Weekly defoliationse5
- Outcome
- seed numbere5
- Direction
- reducinge5
- Value
- 13%e5
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e5“Weekly defoliations reduced yield by 20% by reducing seed size by 8% and seed number by 13%”
Claim · model-written summary
Before flowering, 50% defoliation is unlikely to reduce soybean yield.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Qualifier
- prior to flowering, 50% defoliatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e6“We conclude that, prior to flowering, 50% defoliation is unlikely to reduce yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated defoliation damage will reduce soybean yield significantly.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Qualifier
- repeated damagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years”
e7“repeated damage will reduce yield significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Indeterminate soybeans can withstand an initial 50% loss over the top 4 leaves at F1.
Verbatim
e7“indeterminate soybeans can withstand an initial 50% loss over the top 4 leaves at F1”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 110 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.