Abstract
Abstract Soil testing laboratories require predictive equations that provide accurate fertilizer recommendations to improve economic return to producers and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. Snow management by cereal trap strips and fertilizer N management involving rates, placement, and timing of application were studied in a 9‐yr experiment on a Swinton Loam (Aridic Haploboroll) in southwestern Saskatchewan. Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was grown annually using zero‐tillage management. Stepwise regression with backward elimination was used to develop the following relationship: Y = −781 + 3.11 WU + 6.88 FN − 0.053 FN 2 − 0.33 SN 2 + (0.23 SN × WU) − (0.25 SN × FN) + (0.035 FN × WU) + (0.00083 SN × FN × WU) + (1.60 Yr × SN) − (0.53 Yr × FN) R 2 = 0.91, P =0.001, n = 1248), where Y = grain yield (kg ha −l ), WU = estimated water use (mm), SN = available soil N (kg ha −1 ), FN = rate of fertilizer N (kg ha −1 ), and Yr = number of years of study. Water use was available spring soil water in the 0‐ to 1.2‐m depth plus 1 May to 31 July precipitation, and SN was NO 3 ‐N in 0‐ to 0.6‐m depth, measured in the fall. The regression accurately predicted yields of wheat for an 8‐yr zero‐tillage study carried out on similar soil nearby. Fertilizer N placement (seed placed, deep band, broadcast) influenced grain yields more than timing, but in 5 of 9 yr neither factor was significant. Response to fertilizer N decreased with years, presumably because the available N supplying power of the soil improved under no‐till management with adequate fertilization. Efficiency of available N use [grain wt/(SN + FN)] varied from 4 to 41 kg grain kg −1 N, being directly related to WU and generally to SN, but inversely to FN rate.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A regression using water use, soil nitrogen, fertilizer nitrogen and study year explained spring wheat grain yield with R² 0.91.
- Taxon
- Spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Value
- 0.91e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stepwise regression with backward elimination was used to develop the following relationship: Y = −781 + 3.11 WU + 6.88 FN − 0.053 FN 2 − 0.33 SN 2 + (0.23 SN × WU) − (0.25 SN × FN) + (0.035 FN × WU) + (0.00083 SN × FN × WU) + (1.60 Yr × SN) − (0.53 Yr × FN) R 2 = 0.91, P =0.001, n = 1248)”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Y = grain yield (kg ha −l )”
Claim · model-written summary
The regression accurately predicted wheat yield in a nearby eight-year zero-tillage study.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- predicted yields of wheate0
- Comparator
- 8‐yr zero‐tillage studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regression accurately predicted yields of wheat for an 8‐yr zero‐tillage study carried out on similar soil nearby.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen placement influenced grain yield more than application timing.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer N placemente0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Comparator
- timinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N placement (seed placed, deep band, broadcast) influenced grain yields more than timing”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither placement nor timing had a significant yield effect in five of nine years.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- neither factor was significante0
- Value
- 5 of 9 yre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 5 of 9 yr neither factor was significant”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The response to fertilizer nitrogen decreased over study years.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- Response to fertilizer Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response to fertilizer N decreased with years”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen use efficiency varied from 4 to 41 kg grain per kg nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Efficiency of available N usee0
- Value
- 4 to 41 kg grain kg −1 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of available N use [grain wt/(SN + FN)] varied from 4 to 41 kg grain kg −1 N”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen use efficiency was directly related to water use.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Efficiency of available N usee1
- Direction
- directlye0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“being directly related to WU”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Efficiency of available N use [grain wt/(SN + FN)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen use efficiency was generally directly related to soil nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SNe0
- Outcome
- Efficiency of available N usee1
- Direction
- directlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“directly related to WU and generally to SN”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Efficiency of available N use [grain wt/(SN + FN)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen use efficiency was inversely related to fertilizer nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FN ratee0
- Outcome
- Efficiency of available N usee1
- Direction
- inverselye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inversely to FN rate”
t0“Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Efficiency of available N use [grain wt/(SN + FN)]”