Paper · 1987 · Transactions of the ASAE

Sample Volume Statistical Relations for Water Content, Infiltration, and Yield

W. W. Wallender

8
claims
13
verbatim quotes
5
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

ABSTRACT VARIANCE, autocorrelation, and crosscorrelation of factors which influence physical or biological processes may be sample volume dependent and this dependence should be considered when designing experiments or when modeling natural or agricultural systems. Model and field studies were conducted to describe the influence of sample volume on variance, autocorrelation, and cross-correlation of sorghum fresh weight, cumulative infiltration and soil moisture. Regularized, or volume dependent, correlograms were derived from point variance and covariance functions. Field measurements of grain sorghum fresh weight, cumulative infiltration and soil moisture complemented a theoretical development. One to four meter row sections were harvested and tested for infiltration and soil samples were taken to a depth of at least 122 cm to assess the effect of sample length on variance, autocorrelation, and cross-correlation of yield, infiltration and soil moisture. Autocorrelation of sorghum fresh weight yield and infiltration volume increased with sample length and the increase was related to a decrease in variance. Correlation was stronger in the intrarow and depth directions than in the interrow direction for yield, infiltration, and soil moisture. Generally yield sample length did not influence cross-correlation between water content and yield, and infiltration sample length did not affect correlation between water content and infiltration. However, correlation between yield and soil moisture was enhanced by increasing the length of soil sample late in the season.

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Claims 8

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Autocorrelation of sorghum fresh weight yield increased with sample length as variance decreased.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
sample lengthe0
Outcome
Autocorrelation of sorghum fresh weight yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
decrease in variancee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Autocorrelation of sorghum fresh weight yield and infiltration volume increased with sample length and the increase was related to a decrease in variance.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 970–1124 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Infiltration-volume autocorrelation increased with sample length as variance decreased.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
sample lengthe0
Outcome
infiltration volumee0
Direction
increasede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Autocorrelation of sorghum fresh weight yield and infiltration volume increased with sample length and the increase was related to a decrease in variance.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 970–1124 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

For yield, spatial correlation was stronger along rows and depth than between rows.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Outcome
Correlatione0
Direction
strongere0
Qualifier
intrarow and depth directionse0
Comparator
interrow directione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Correlation was stronger in the intrarow and depth directions than in the interrow direction for yield, infiltration, and soil moisture.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1261 · show in text ↑
e1

“Field measurements of grain sorghum fresh weight, cumulative infiltration and soil moisture complemented a theoretical development.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 574–705 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

For infiltration, spatial correlation was stronger along rows and depth than between rows.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Outcome
infiltratione0
Direction
strongere0
Comparator
interrow directione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Correlation was stronger in the intrarow and depth directions than in the interrow direction for yield, infiltration, and soil moisture.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1261 · show in text ↑
e1

“Field measurements of grain sorghum fresh weight, cumulative infiltration and soil moisture complemented a theoretical development.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 574–705 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

For soil moisture, spatial correlation was stronger along rows and depth than between rows.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Outcome
soil moisturee0
Direction
strongere0
Comparator
interrow directione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Correlation was stronger in the intrarow and depth directions than in the interrow direction for yield, infiltration, and soil moisture.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1261 · show in text ↑
e1

“Field measurements of grain sorghum fresh weight, cumulative infiltration and soil moisture complemented a theoretical development.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 574–705 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield sample length generally did not influence water-content and yield cross-correlation.

Treatment
yield sample lengthe0
Outcome
cross-correlation between water content and yielde0
Direction
did not influencee0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Generally yield sample length did not influence cross-correlation between water content and yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1262–1359 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Infiltration sample length generally did not affect water-content and infiltration correlation.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
infiltration sample lengthe0
Outcome
correlation between water content and infiltratione0
Direction
did not affecte0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“infiltration sample length did not affect correlation between water content and infiltration.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1365–1458 · show in text ↑
e1

“Field measurements of grain sorghum fresh weight, cumulative infiltration and soil moisture complemented a theoretical development.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 574–705 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Longer soil samples enhanced yield and soil-moisture correlation late in the season.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
increasing the length of soil samplee0
Outcome
correlation between yield and soil moisturee0
Direction
enhancede0
Qualifier
late in the seasone0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“correlation between yield and soil moisture was enhanced by increasing the length of soil sample late in the season.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1468–1584 · show in text ↑
e1

“Field measurements of grain sorghum fresh weight, cumulative infiltration and soil moisture complemented a theoretical development.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 574–705 · show in text ↑