Abstract
The diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of Fusarium oxysporum associated with tomato fields, both endophytes obtained from tomato plants and isolates obtained from soil surrounding the sampled plants, were investigated. A total of 609 isolates of F. oxysporum were obtained, 295 isolates from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields and 314 isolates from eight soil cores sampled from the area surrounding the plants. Included in this total were 112 isolates from the stems of all 32 plants, a niche that has not been previously included in F. oxysporum population genetics studies. Isolates were characterized using the DNA sequence of the translation elongation factor 1α gene. A diverse population of 26 sequence types was found, although two sequence types represented nearly two-thirds of the isolates studied. The sequence types were placed in different phylogenetic clades within F. oxysporum, and endophytic isolates were not monophyletic. Multiple sequence types were found in all plants, with an average of 4.2 per plant. The population compositions differed between the two fields but not between soil samples within each field. A certain degree of differentiation was observed between populations associated with different tomato cultivars, suggesting that the host genotype may affect the composition of plant-associated F. oxysporum populations. No clear patterns of genetic differentiation were observed between endophyte populations and soil populations, suggesting a lack of specialization of endophytic isolates.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The F. oxysporum population associated with tomato comprised 26 sequence types.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume3symbiont - Outcome
- sequence typese1
- Value
- 26e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“A diverse population of 26 sequence types was found, although two sequence types represented nearly two-thirds of the isolates studied”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
e3“A total of 609 isolates of F. oxysporum were obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sequence types represented nearly two-thirds of the F. oxysporum isolates from tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- represented nearly two-thirds of the isolates studiede1
- Value
- nearly two-thirdse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A diverse population of 26 sequence types was found, although two sequence types represented nearly two-thirds of the isolates studied”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence types of F. oxysporum from tomato were placed in different phylogenetic clades.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- placed in different phylogenetic cladese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequence types were placed in different phylogenetic clades within F. oxysporum”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytic F. oxysporum isolates from tomato were not monophyletic.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- endophytic isolates were not monophyletice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“endophytic isolates were not monophyletic”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple sequence types were found in every tomato plant, averaging 4.2 per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- Multiple sequence types were found in all plantse1
- Value
- an average of 4.2 per plante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Multiple sequence types were found in all plants, with an average of 4.2 per plant”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum population compositions differed between the two tomato fields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- population compositionse1
- Direction
- differede1
- Setting
- two fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The population compositions differed between the two fields but not between soil samples within each field”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum population compositions did not differ between soil samples within each field.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- population compositionse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- soil samples within each fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The population compositions differed between the two fields but not between soil samples within each field”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
Claim · model-written summary
A certain degree of differentiation was observed between F. oxysporum populations associated with different tomato cultivars, suggesting an effect of host genotype.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Material
- different tomato cultivarse1
- Outcome
- differentiation was observed between populationse1
- Qualifier
- the host genotype may affect the compositione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A certain degree of differentiation was observed between populations associated with different tomato cultivars, suggesting that the host genotype may affect the composition of plant-associated F. oxysporum populations”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”
Claim · model-written summary
No clear genetic differentiation was observed between endophyte and soil F. oxysporum populations, suggesting a lack of specialization of the endophytic isolates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- patterns of genetic differentiatione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- suggesting a lack of specialization of endophytic isolatese1
- Comparator
- soil populationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“No clear patterns of genetic differentiation were observed between endophyte populations and soil populations, suggesting a lack of specialization of endophytic isolates”
e2“from a total of 32 asymptomatic tomato plants in two fields”