Abstract
SUMMARY Two thousand sweet‐cherry trees ( Prunus avium ) in English orchards were tested for virus infection by using Lambert and Mazzard F 12/1 as indicators. Most trees of varieties commonly grown before 1920 were infected with more than one virus, usually little cherry (69%) and necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf (56%). Other infection was less prevalent, 35% of these trees having European rusty mottle, 30% ring mottle and 3% necrotic rusty mottle. Most trees of varieties introduced since 1920 were virus‐free (61%) but some had become infected with each of these viruses except necrotic rusty mottle. In a field trial of 12 years duration the yield of three varieties was diminished by infection with necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf, rugose mosaic, rusty mottle, ring mottle and necrotic line pattern. The effect of rusty mottle was due to growth suppression resulting in smaller trees, but that of other viruses was also due to impaired fertility. The yield of one variety (Merton Heart) was greatly enhanced by infection with rugose mosaic, rusty mottle and necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf viruses. The high incidence of virus infection and consequent yield depression has probably diminished the potential yield by at least 30% and contributed to the decline in acreage of sweet cherries in England.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Older sweet cherry varieties commonly carried multiple viruses.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Most trees of varieties commonly grown before 1920 were infected with more than one virus”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Little cherry infected 69% of older trees.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“usually little cherry (69%)”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf infected 56% of older trees.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf (56%)”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
European rusty mottle infected 35% of older trees.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“35% of these trees having European rusty mottle”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Ring mottle infected 30% of older trees.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“30% ring mottle”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Necrotic rusty mottle infected 3% of older trees.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“3% necrotic rusty mottle”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Most newer varieties were virus free.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Most trees of varieties introduced since 1920 were virus‐free (61%)”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Newer varieties contracted all listed viruses except necrotic rusty mottle.
- Outcome
- infected with each of these viruses except necrotic rusty mottlee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“some had become infected with each of these viruses except necrotic rusty mottle”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Several virus infections diminished yield in three varieties.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the yield of three varieties was diminished by infection with necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf, rugose mosaic, rusty mottle, ring mottle and necrotic line pattern”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Rusty mottle reduced growth and tree size.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The effect of rusty mottle was due to growth suppression resulting in smaller trees”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Other viruses also impaired fertility.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“that of other viruses was also due to impaired fertility”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection enhanced yield of Merton Heart.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The yield of one variety (Merton Heart) was greatly enhanced by infection with rugose mosaic, rusty mottle and necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf viruses”
t0“sweet‐cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection probably reduced potential yield by at least 30%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“virus infection and consequent yield depression has probably diminished the potential yield by at least 30%”
t0“sweet‐cherry”