Abstract
The mode of reproduction and the sex ratio of Aphelenchoides besseyi were studied in vitro using known numbers of larvae as inocula and the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans as a host. Inoculations with single larvae demonstrated that the nematode does not reproduce parthenogenetically. It is proposed that sex ratio of an obligate amphimictic nematode can be estimated by the equation: Pr = 1-mn-(1-m)n, where 'Pr' is the probability of an inoculum to reproduce, 'n' the number of larvae employed in the inoculum and 'm' being the male ratio of the population. Based on the experimentally obtained 'Pr' and 'n', male ratio ('m') of A. besseyi studied was estimated to be 22.7%. Results obtained by analyses of the adult nematodes from infested rice grains at hard dough stage were similar to the estimated value. Similar analyses of the nematodes reared on A. pullulans at 30°, however, showed that the male ratio increased with the age of the culture. It is suggested that poor food supply may favor the male differentiation and/or shorten the relative life span of the females.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Aphelenchoides besseyi does not reproduce parthenogenetically.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Interactor
- Aphelenchoides besseyi
Aphelenchoides besseyie0pest - Outcome
- reproduce parthenogeneticallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mode of reproduction and the sex ratio of Aphelenchoides besseyi were studied in vitro”
e1“adult nematodes from infested rice grains at hard dough stage”
e2“Inoculations with single larvae demonstrated that the nematode does not reproduce parthenogenetically”
Claim · model-written summary
Male ratio of Aphelenchoides besseyi was estimated at 22.7%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- A. besseyiAphelenchoides besseyie3pest
- Outcome
- male ratioe3
- Value
- 22.7%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adult nematodes from infested rice grains at hard dough stage”
e3“Based on the experimentally obtained 'Pr' and 'n', male ratio ('m') of A. besseyi studied was estimated to be 22.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Male ratio of adults from infested rice grains was similar to the estimated value.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- A. besseyiAphelenchoides besseyie3pest
- Outcome
- male ratioe3
- Comparator
- estimated valuee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adult nematodes from infested rice grains at hard dough stage”
e3“Based on the experimentally obtained 'Pr' and 'n', male ratio ('m') of A. besseyi studied was estimated to be 22.7%”
e4“were similar to the estimated value”
Claim · model-written summary
Male ratio of A. besseyi reared on A. pullulans increased with culture age.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- age of the culturee5
- Interactor
- A. pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanse5host - Outcome
- male ratioe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adult nematodes from infested rice grains at hard dough stage”
e5“Similar analyses of the nematodes reared on A. pullulans at 30°, however, showed that the male ratio increased with the age of the culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor food supply may favor male differentiation of A. besseyi.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- male differentiatione6
- Qualifier
- poor food supplye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adult nematodes from infested rice grains at hard dough stage”
e6“It is suggested that poor food supply may favor the male differentiation and/or shorten the relative life span of the females”
Claim · model-written summary
The sex ratio of an obligate amphimictic nematode can be estimated by Pr = 1-mn-(1-m)n.
Verbatim
e7“sex ratio of an obligate amphimictic nematode can be estimated by the equation: Pr = 1-mn-(1-m)n”