Abstract
Foliar diseases, such as soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi ) can cause severe defoliation and yield loss in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and can be managed with an effective fungicide applied during the reproductive growth stages. The impact of soybean row spacing and fungicide application timing on canopy penetration and grain yield are unknown. The objectives of this experiment were (i) to quantify the impact of crop row spacing and spray application timing on penetration and coverage with a fungicide and (ii) to quantify the impact of sprayer wheel traffic during fungicide application on crop yield. The experiment was a split plot design with three replications conducted at the Northeast, Southeast, and Davis–Purdue Agricultural Centers (NEPAC, SEPAC, DPAC) in 2005 and 2006. The whole‐plot treatments were crop row spacing (19, 38, and 76 cm) and fungicide (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) [(methyl (E)‐2‐[2‐[6‐(2‐cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin‐4‐yl]oxyphenyl]‐3‐methoxy‐prop‐2‐enoate) + (1‐[[2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐propyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl]methyl]‐1,2,4‐triazole)] application timing (unsprayed or applications at growth stages R1, R3, R5, R3 + R5, or R1 + R3 + R5). Spray canopy coverage was quantified at 30‐cm increments within the soybean canopy. Crop row spacing affected spray canopy coverage at the R3 growth stage at the NEPAC location only. Application timing did not affect canopy coverage or spray penetration. Coverage decreased with depth in the canopy. Grain yield averaged 9% greater in the 19‐ and 38‐cm row spacing than in the 76‐cm row spacing. Fungicide application timing did not influence yield. Our research shows that fungicide application timing should not influence row spacing decisions. Growers should consider the effects of wheel‐track damage when planning spray applications during the reproductive growth stages of soybean.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Row spacing affected spray canopy coverage at R3 only at NEPAC.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Crop row spacinge0
- Outcome
- spray canopy coveragee0
- Setting
- NEPACe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop row spacing affected spray canopy coverage at the R3 growth stage at the NEPAC location only”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Application timing did not affect canopy coverage or spray penetration.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Application timinge0
- Outcome
- canopy coverage or spray penetratione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application timing did not affect canopy coverage or spray penetration”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray coverage declined with canopy depth.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- canopye0
- Outcome
- Coveragee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coverage decreased with depth in the canopy”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield averaged 9% greater at 19 and 38 cm row spacing than at 76 cm.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 19‐ and 38‐cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Comparator
- 76‐cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield averaged 9% greater in the 19‐ and 38‐cm row spacing than in the 76‐cm row spacing”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application timing did not influence soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fungicide application timinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application timing did not influence yield”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering wheel-track damage during reproductive spray applications.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- consider the effects of wheel‐track damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growers should consider the effects of wheel‐track damage when planning spray applications during the reproductive growth stages of soybean”
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206 papers in the same direction as this paper · 94 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 305 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.