Paper · 1970 · Annals of the Entomological Society of America

Photometric Device for Measuring Foliage Loss Caused by Insects1

Larry P. Pedigo; Jay D. Stone; Robert B. Clemen

6
claims
10
verbatim quotes
5
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

A constant low-intensity light, produced by a 50-watt flood lamp, is controlled with a constant-voltage transformer and a rheostat. Light is passed through damaged leaves laid on a specimen stage and is received by a cadmium-sulfide photo-conductive cell. Photocell response is measured by a 0–50 direct-current microammeter, with greater leaf damage resulting in higher readings. Light transmissive quality of undamaged soybean leaves was established with the device, and a regression model was computed that related light readings to leaf tissue removed. A comparison of damage position on the leaf specimen stage yielded low standard errors and generally nonsignificant F ratios. A high degree of accuracy was attained with damage samples of 0.836 in.2 (1 1/32-in-diam circle) or less. Use of the device in soybean feeding investigations with the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), indicated that larvae consumed on an average of 19 in.2 of leaf-surface area. Sixth-instar feeding accounted for 69.1% of this value.

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Claims 6

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Greater leaf damage yielded higher photocell readings.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe1
Organ / stage
leavese1
Outcome
readingse0
Direction
highere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Photocell response is measured by a 0–50 direct-current microammeter, with greater leaf damage resulting in higher readings.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–380 · show in text ↑
e1

“undamaged soybean leaves”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 411–435 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The device linked light readings to removed soybean leaf tissue.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Outcome
light readingse0
Comparator
leaf tissue removede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Light transmissive quality of undamaged soybean leaves was established with the device, and a regression model was computed that related light readings to leaf tissue removed.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 381–556 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Damage position produced low standard errors and generally nonsignificant F ratios.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe1
Outcome
standard errorse0
Direction
lowe0
Comparator
damage positione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A comparison of damage position on the leaf specimen stage yielded low standard errors and generally nonsignificant F ratios.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–682 · show in text ↑
e1

“undamaged soybean leaves”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 411–435 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The device attained high accuracy for damage samples no larger than 0.836 in.2.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe1
Outcome
accuracye0
Value
0.836 in.2e0
Qualifier
or lesse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A high degree of accuracy was attained with damage samples of 0.836 in.2 (1 1/32-in-diam circle) or less.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–788 · show in text ↑
e1

“undamaged soybean leaves”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 411–435 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Green cloverworm larvae consumed an average 19 in.2 of soybean leaf surface.

Taxon
green cloverwormHypena scabrae0
Interactor
soybeanGlycine maxe0host
Outcome
leaf-surface areae0
Value
19 in.2e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Hypena scabra
Hypena scabra · TaxonAndy Reago & Chrissy McClarren · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Glycine max
Glycine max · InteractorPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Use of the device in soybean feeding investigations with the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), indicated that larvae consumed on an average of 19 in.2 of leaf-surface area.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 789–994 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sixth-instar feeding accounted for 69.1% of consumed leaf surface.

Taxon
green cloverwormHypena scabrae1
Organ / stage
Sixth-instare0
Outcome
feedinge0
Value
69.1%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Hypena scabra
Hypena scabra · TaxonAndy Reago & Chrissy McClarren · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sixth-instar feeding accounted for 69.1% of this value.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 995–1050 · show in text ↑
e1

“green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 850–890 · show in text ↑