Abstract
Analysis of a 13-stand sample from northern Ontario indicated that the sweetfern blister rust disease (Cronartiumcomptoniae Arth.) caused cankers that were associated with significantly reduced height, diameter, and volume growth of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.). Cankered trees were smaller than unaffected jack pine by an average of 20% (range 0–40%) cubic volume and 29% (range 3–53%) board volume.The average size of cankered pines was reduced and directly related to the percentage in the stand that had severe cankers, as these trees seem to have a reduced capacity for competing with other trees. Size difference was negligible in several stands and this was explained as being due to the lack of competition in young stands and to the elimination of many severely cankered trees in older stands. Such trees are prone to domination by other trees and to attack by insects, fire, and wood rots.The merchantable volume of a cankered tree was reduced by about 11% because wood associated with cankers is distorted, resinous, and frequently has enclosed bark.Mortality of seedling-sized pines was not included in the study. Older trees seem to tolerate the presence of cankers, and mortality of these was confined mostly to dominated trees. Cankered pines had a greater tendency to become dominated and die than did unaffected pines, but mortality was considered unimportant because dominated trees add little in terms of stand competition or usable product.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rust cankers were associated with reduced jack pine height, diameter, and volume growth.
- Taxon
- jack pine
Pinus banksianae0 - Interactor
- Cronartiumcomptoniae Arth.e0pathogen
- Outcome
- height, diameter, and volume growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sweetfern blister rust disease (Cronartiumcomptoniae Arth.) caused cankers that were associated with significantly reduced height, diameter, and volume growth of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cankered pines had lower cubic volume than unaffected pines.
- Taxon
- jack pinePinus banksianae0
- Material
- Cankered treese0
- Outcome
- cubic volumee0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- unaffected jack pinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cankered trees were smaller than unaffected jack pine by an average of 20% (range 0–40%) cubic volume”
Claim · model-written summary
Cankered pines had lower board volume than unaffected pines.
- Taxon
- jack pinePinus banksianae0
- Material
- Cankered treese0
- Outcome
- board volumee0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- unaffected jack pinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cankered trees were smaller than unaffected jack pine by an average of 20% (range 0–40%) cubic volume and 29% (range 3–53%) board volume”
Claim · model-written summary
Average size of cankered pines was inversely related to the percentage of severely cankered trees.
PinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average size of cankered pines was reduced and directly related to the percentage in the stand that had severe cankers”
Claim · model-written summary
Cankers reduced merchantable volume by about 11%.
- Taxon
- jack pinePinus banksianat0
- Material
- cankered treee0
- Outcome
- merchantable volumee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The merchantable volume of a cankered tree was reduced by about 11%”
t0“jack pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality among older cankered trees occurred mostly in dominated trees.
- Taxon
- jack pinePinus banksianat0
- Outcome
- mortality of these was confined mostly to dominated treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Older trees seem to tolerate the presence of cankers, and mortality of these was confined mostly to dominated trees”
t0“jack pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Cankered pines were more likely to become dominated and die than unaffected pines.
- Taxon
- jack pinePinus banksianat0
- Material
- Cankered pinese0
- Outcome
- tendency to become dominated and diee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- unaffected pinese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cankered pines had a greater tendency to become dominated and die than did unaffected pines”
t0“jack pine”