Abstract
Tillage practices can affect the growth of plants and the development of plant diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) stand establishment, seed cotton yield, and seedling diseases. Three tillage practices (conservation, moldboard, and conventional) were evaluated for their effects on plant populations and the development of cotton seedling diseases on a Norwood fine sandy loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, calcareous, thermic Typic Udifluvent). Each tillage plot was divided into two subplots, with and without the application of Temik (2‐ Methyl ‐2‐( methylthio ) propanal O ‐[( methylamino ) carbonyl ]oxime) + Terraclor Super X (10% pentachloronitrobenzene [PCNB] + 2.5% etridiazol) (TSX). Plant populations were determined at 4 wk. Seedling disease was assessed at 4 wk by rating 20 surviving seedlings for root/hypocotyl necrosis. Yield of seed cotton was determined at plant maturity. Tillage practice significantly affected plant population 3 yr., while application of Temik + TSX affected populations in 1 yr. Generally, plant populations were lowest in the conservation tillage plots. Disease index was influenced by both tillage and application of Temik + TSX. Infurrow application of Temik + TSX resulted in lower disease indices all 4 yr. The conservation tillage plots had the highest disease index in 1990; however, disease indices were not significantly different in 1989 and 1991. Application of Temik + TSX resulted in higher yield every year except 1990. The influence of tillage practices on yield of seed cotton was variable each year and no trend was observed. Research Question Cotton farmers have become more interested in conservation tillage cotton production. Conservation tillage, however, can increase the incidence and severity of some diseases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three tillage practices, conservation, conventional, and moldboard, with and without the application of an in‐furrow fungicide + nematocide/insecticide on plant populations and root necrosis. Literature Summary Several studies on conservation tillage of cotton have been published. Most of these reports involve reduced tillage following cover crops. These reports describe variable results on yield and little information on the incidence and severity of cotton seedling diseases. Study Description The study was conducted in northwestern Louisiana on a Norwood very fine sandy loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, calcareous, thermic Typic Udifluvent) from 1988 to 1991. Applied Question What is the effect of conservation tillage on cotton seedling diseases and production? Stand establishment and the severity of seedling diseases as determined by a root and hypocotyl disease index is influenced by tillage; however, in some years environmental conditions may negate the effect of tillage. Generally, seedling diseases are more severe under cool, wet conditions. In 1988 and 1990, plant populations were reduced and disease index was greater under conservation tillage than conventional tillage and moldboard plowing. Plant population and disease index among tillage practices were not significantly different in 1989, a dry year. In 1991, a wet year, plant population, but not root and hypocotyl disease index, was significantly different among tillage practices. Yield among tillage practices was variable, and is probably related to chemical and physical properties of the soil that were not measured in this study. What was the effect of the fungicide + insecticide/nematocide? Application of Temik + TSX improved plant population 1 yr, reduced root disease index all 4 yr, and improved yield of seed cotton 3 of 4 yr. The application of a fungicide + insecticide/nematocide is recommended for conservation tillage in cotton to reduce seedling diseases and improve yields. Four‐year average of plant population, disease index, and yield of seed cotton. Plant Disease Seed cotton population index (lb/acre) Tillage practice + − + − + − Conventional 129 121 1.3 2.0 2004 1626 Moldboard 115 109 1.4 1.8 2089 1736 Conservation 82 72 1.5 2.2 1938 1579 Number of plants per 50 ft of row. On a scale of 0–4, where 0 = no necrosis, 1 = <33%, 2 = 33–66%, 3 = 67–100% necrosis, 4 = dead taproot. + = with Temik + TSX; − = without Temik + TSX.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage significantly affected cotton plant population in three years.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Tillage practicee0
- Outcome
- plant populatione0
- Value
- 3 yre0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practice significantly affected plant population 3 yr.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Temik plus TSX affected populations in one year.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Temik + TSXe0
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Value
- 1 yre0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Temik + TSX affected populations in 1 yr.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage generally had the lowest plant populations.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- conservation tillagee0
- Outcome
- plant populationse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, plant populations were lowest in the conservation tillage plots.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and Temik plus TSX influenced disease index.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- tillage and application of Temik + TSXe0
- Outcome
- Disease indexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease index was influenced by both tillage and application of Temik + TSX.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Temik plus TSX lowered disease indices all four years.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Infurrow application of Temik + TSXe0
- Outcome
- disease indicese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 4 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infurrow application of Temik + TSX resulted in lower disease indices all 4 yr.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage had the highest disease index in 1990.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- conservation tillagee0
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- 1990e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation tillage plots had the highest disease index in 1990”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease indices did not differ significantly in 1989 and 1991.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- disease indicese0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease indices were not significantly different in 1989 and 1991”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Temik plus TSX increased yield every year except 1990.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Temik + TSXe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- every year except 1990e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Temik + TSX resulted in higher yield every year except 1990.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage effects on seed cotton yield varied annually with no trend.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- yield of seed cottone0
- Direction
- no trende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of tillage practices on yield of seed cotton was variable each year and no trend was observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage reduced populations in 1988 and 1990.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- conservation tillagee0
- Outcome
- plant populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 1988 and 1990e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage and moldboard plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1988 and 1990, plant populations were reduced and disease index was greater under conservation tillage than conventional tillage and moldboard plowing.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage increased disease index in 1988 and 1990.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- conservation tillagee0
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 1988 and 1990e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage and moldboard plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1988 and 1990, plant populations were reduced and disease index was greater under conservation tillage than conventional tillage and moldboard plowing.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage groups did not differ significantly in population in dry 1989.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- Plant populatione0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Qualifier
- 1989, a dry yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant population and disease index among tillage practices were not significantly different in 1989, a dry year.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage groups did not differ significantly in disease index in dry 1989.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Qualifier
- 1989, a dry yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant population and disease index among tillage practices were not significantly different in 1989, a dry year.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage populations differed significantly in wet 1991.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- plant populatione0
- Qualifier
- 1991, a wet yeare0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1991, a wet year, plant population, but not root and hypocotyl disease index, was significantly different among tillage practices.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage disease indices did not differ significantly in wet 1991.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- root and hypocotyl disease indexe0
- Qualifier
- 1991, a wet yeare0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1991, a wet year, plant population, but not root and hypocotyl disease index, was significantly different among tillage practices.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Temik plus TSX is recommended in conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- fungicide + insecticide/nematocidee0
- Outcome
- reduce seedling diseases and improve yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of a fungicide + insecticide/nematocide is recommended for conservation tillage in cotton to reduce seedling diseases and improve yields.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 12 papers →tillage · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.